Lab 1 Test Flashcards
Cultural Characteristics
refers to how microorganisms appear on media
Filiform
uniform looking slant
Echinulate
Toothy uniform slant
Beaded
uniform with beads straying at the top
Effuse
spreading clumps
Arborescent
A little tree-like
Rhizoid
very tree like
Ring
Growth on sides but not center, like a donut
Pellicle
thicker growth as a layer on top, if it is thin it is membranous
Membranous
growth as a very thin layer on top
Flocculent
Floating clumps on surface
Turbid
cloudy subsurface growth
Granular
small discrete particles are seen (like salt in water)
Flocculent
floating clumps of bacteria
Flakey
large particles (flakes) are seen
Viscid
thick and sticky
Sabouraud agar
is good for fungal growth
Nutrient agar
is good for bacterial growth
Basic dyes
like methylene blue are positive and thus stick to negatively charged bacteria cell walls.
Common Basic Dyes
methylene blue, crystal violet, safranin, and malachite green
Acidic dyes
like eosin, contain negatively charged color-bearing ions and will not stick to bacteria
Common Acidic Dyes
Indian ink, congo red, nigrosoine, eosin
Ocular lens
eye piece
Body tube
in between ocular lens and objective lens
Coarse focusing knob
more general focus
Fine focusing knob
more finer focus
Objective Lenses
primary lens that magnify the specimen
Stage
holds slide in position
Condenser Focuses
focuses light through the specimen right below stage
Diaphragm
controls the amount of light entering the condenser
Simple staining
only uses one basic stain, procedure consists of taking the slide, drowning it in methylene blue for 1 minute then washing it off and blotting
Gram staining
separate gram negative and gram positive bacteria, with gram positive being vulnerable to antibiotics
Gram positive turn purple after decoloring and gram negative lose their color
So if you want to see gram negative they are counter stained with safranin to look pink
Heat fix → Crystal violet (both turn purple) → iodine both stay purple (it is used as mordant by fixing the crystal violet onto it)→ Alcohol acetone gram negatives are now colorless → safranin gram-negatives turn pink
Acid-fast
mainly used for identification of the medically important microorganisms, like he agents that cause tuberculosis and leprosy
Cover smear with carbolfuchsin→ decolorize with acd alcohol → counterstain with methylene blue → blot dry
Capsular staining-
used to view a gelatinous coat called a CAPSULE that is comprised of glycoproteins or polypeptides. What makes this special is because we use negative staining and stain the background as contrast
nigrosine to stain background → add your sample → crystal violet for the capsule viewing
Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore staining
used to view endospores
Prepped smear of sample , then place over boiling water while having malachite green , then cool and wash to counterstain with safranin
The spores contain the green while the cells are pink
Dorner Endospore staining
Add drops of water onto a slide and introduce your sample , add 5 drops of carbolfuchsin and boil for 5 min, then mix onto a slide with nigrosin, use a spreader slide.
Peritrichous
bunch of tails all over the place
Lophotrichous
a bunch of flagella coming from one side
Monotrichous
one flagella
Amphitrichous
one flagella on each side
