Ch.12 Flashcards
Fungi Characteristics
Euk Domain, Fungi kingdom, chemoheterotrophs, all multicellular except yeast, absorb food and have sexual and asexual spores. Aerobic or falculculative anaerobe (prefer oxygen for greater yield)
Mycology
Study of fungi
Molds
made from multicellular organisms
What are the thallus and hyphae
The body, thallus, is made of long joined filament cells cells called hyphae, when grown the hyphae make a filamentous mass called mycelium that find and collect food
what are molds
fungus that grows in multicellular filaments , only exists as a mycelium (thallus of a spore) and spores come from the tips of each hyphae
What are yeasts
single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Yeasts that divide symmetrically
Fission yeast
Yeasts that divide asymmetrically
budding yeasts
Dimorphism
two forms of growth, either yeast or a mold. Pathogens, aat 25C it grows in mold, at 37C it is unicellular C02 can also change things.
Asexual spores
produced by an individual fungus with mitosis.
Sexual spores
produced by the fusion of two nuclei,
Asexual spore that forms in a sac
sporangiospore
What are the two hypha forms
septate hypha (seperate compartments) and Coenocytic hypha (multi nuclei in one body).
Ariel Hypha
disperses spores into the air.
Asexual spore that does not form in a sac
Conidiospore
Types of conidiospores
Arthrospore (formed from fragments. Blastoconidium, formed from buds, and Chlamydospore formed from rounding and enlargment within a hyphal segment
3 phases of sexual reproduction
Plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis
Plasmogamy
Haploid donor cell nucleus + penetrates - donor cell of recipient cell -
karyogamy
+ and - nucleus fuse
meiosis
aka reductive division. diploid nucleus produce haploid cell (sexual spores) 2 to 1
3 types of sexual spores
zygospore, Ascospore, basidiospore medically important phylae are this with mycota at the end and microsporidia
zygospore
fusion of haploid spores produce one zygospore
Acospore
sexual spore formed in a sac
Basidiospore
sexual spore formed externally on a pedestal
Mycoses
Fungal Disease
Systemic mycoses
deep within the body
Subcutaneous mycosis
beneath the skin
Cutaneous mycosis
affect skin, hair, nails
superficial mycosis
localized , hair shafts
opportunistic mycosis
caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi
zygomycota
ceocynitic (multi nuclei) teleomorphic (produce sexual and a sexual cells) can form sporangiospore (asexual sac) and zygospores
Microspordia
No hyphae no mitochondria , intracelular parasites . diarehhea
Ascomycota
Septate, sexual +asexual (teleomorphic) sac fungi
Anamorphs
produce asexual spores only , most are placed in ascomycota
Basidiomycota
septate produce basidiospores and sometimes conidiophores
Lichens
they are a combo of an alga and fungus , alga produces carbohydrates, fungus holdfast and protection used for dyes, antimicrobial
Algae
Protista category most are photoautotrophic but some are chemoheterotrophic , some multicellular , no vascular tissue absorb food via diffusion from surface
Phaeophyta
brown algea (kelp) , cellulose cell walls , store carbohydrates, arvested for algin, food thickener
Diatoms
unicellular , medically relevant . Pectin and silica cell walls , store oil and become oil . produces domoic acid, bad for environment. Can harm humans as well. asexual + sexual phases
Dinoflagellates
cellulose in plasma membrane , unicellular cause neurotoxins that cause shellfish death called saxitoxins
Rhodophyta
Red algae , cellulose cell walls , mostly multicellular, have chlorophylls A AND B, harvested for agar and carrageenan thickener
Chlorophyta
Green Algae , celllulose cell walls , uni or multicellular, store sugars
oomycota
fungus-like algae, water like molds , multi cellular chemoheterotrophic produces zoo spores , decomposers and plant parasites
