Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Ch.16 > Flashcards

Ch.16 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Susceptibility

A

lack of resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

resistance

A

aka immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

immunity

A

ability to ward off disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

immunity or resistance to a specific pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

innate immunity

A

defenses against any pathogen, and present at birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

First line of defense?

A

skin (ph 3-5), mucous membranes, normal microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Second line of defense

A

phagocytes , like neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages.
Fever, antimicrobial substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Third line of defense

A

specialized lymphocytes T cells and B cell, antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TLRS

A

toll like receptors, attached to PAMPS, pathogen associated molecular patters., then release cytokines to induce a immune response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

keratin

A

a protective protein,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does mucous membranes help

A

traps microbes, and ciliary escalator transports microbes trapped in mucus away from lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

washes the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

saliva

A

washes microbes out, urine flows it out, vaginal secretions, epiglottis stops them from entering the lungs, nose hair,, ear waz, defecting and vomitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chemical factors

A

fungistatic acid in sebum, low ph of skin, lysozyme in perspiration , tears, saliva, and urine. low ph of gastric juice, No nitirc oxide inhibits ATP production in microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

normal microbiota

A

can alter the environment and compete with potential pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

white blood cell types

A

rbc, leukocytes, granulocytes, agranulocytes, basophils, dendrite cells . most present to neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

look at the amont you have in the boody and what the shape of nuclie is

A

look

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lymphatic system

A

makes circulatory system too, lymph, vessels, and organs like nodes and tissue,

19
Q

Lymph nodes

A

activation of B and T cells occur here. Spleen also, thymus is the site for t cell maturation. and macrohpage and dendrite cells there too.

20
Q

phagocytosis

A

neutrophils, fixed macrophages, wandering macrophages roam the tissue

21
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells categorized into granulocytes and agranulocytes

22
Q

Neutrophils (PMN)

A

60-70% of phagocytes, good for phagocytosis. Have 3-4 granules

23
Q

Eosinophils

A

2-4% toxic proteins against certain parasites, some phagocytosis, have 2 separate granules, look redish pinkish

24
Q

Basophils

A

0.5- 1%, produces histamine (defends against an allergen) purple look like eosinophils

25
Q

Monocyte

A

Agranulocyte, 3-8% look like a kidney , when they mature into macrophages they do phagocytes

26
Q

Dendrite cells

A

initiate adaptive immune response , phagocytosis. Look like they have little cytoplasm like nerve cells

27
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20-25% natural killer, T,B, NK cells. destroy target by cytolysis and apoptosis
T cells- cell mediated immunity, B cells- produce antibodies.

28
Q

WBC differential

A

determines the percentage of each type of white blood cell present in your blood. help diagnose the cause of a high or low white blood cell (WBC) count results seen on a CBC. It may also be used to help diagnose and/or monitor other diseases and conditions that affect one or more different types of WBCs.

29
Q

Lymphatic system

A

consists of lymph fluid, lymphoid tissue tissue contain T and B cells, the nodes are their site of activation,

30
Q

Phagocytosis process

A

ingestion of microbes, done by neutrophils and fixed macrophages in the lungs kupffers cells in the liver, and microglial cells in the nervous system. and wandering microphages that roam the tissue

31
Q

Phagocytosis process

A

TLR and PAMP contact occurs, ingestion, formation of phagosome, phagosome + lysosome formation, phagolysosome digests microbe, discharge of waste material.

32
Q

Oxidative burst

A

bacteria adheres to membrane of neutrophil, naph is produced , nadph oxidase uses electron from nasph to produce to produce superoxide, superoxide dismutase converts superoxide to hydrogen H2O2 burst kills bacterium.

33
Q

some ways microbes can escape phagocytosis

A

kills them, inhibit adherence, esape/prevent phagosome or survive phagolysosome. pain heat,

34
Q

Inflammation

A

Activation of acute phase protein , vasodilation so more blood flows through , leads to redness, damged cells send out histamine, kinins, increase vessel permeability, prostaglanids increase their effect, leukotrienes increased permeability of blood vessels phagocytic attachment

35
Q

Fevers

A

still 2nd line, mainly cause by infection of bacteria or virusus. during crisis, vasodilation and sweating occurs, causing temp to go down. Higher temp increases immune function and tissue repair

36
Q

fever dangers

A

tachycardia is a symptom, dehydration, seizures,, etc. 44 to 46C or 112 to 114 is death temp. acidosis,

37
Q

The complement system

A

opsonization aka immune adherence, enhanced phagocytosis , cytolysis, attract phagocytes. it consist of 30 proteins from liver, its innate, not adaptable,

38
Q

Classical pathway

A

antibodies attach to antigens anctivate C1 to activate C2 and C4 by splitting them, then they combine to split into C4a and C4b.

39
Q

Alternative pathway

A

No antibodies, C3 combines with surface of microbe, causing C3 to split into fragments.

40
Q

Lectin pathway

A

lectin binds onto microbe, splits into C2 iand C4 and actiavet C3 which then activate into opeonization, inflammation,, and cytotsia.

41
Q

How do pathogens avoid this

A

capusules, surface lipid-carbbohydrate comlpexess, enzymatic digestion of C5a

42
Q

Interferon

A

an antimicrobial substance , proteins of MW 15kDa-30kDa that are stable and resistant to heat. they are cytokines that do not affect our own cells, cells to produec antiviall protein that inhbit viral replication
and maybe causes nutrophils and macrophages to phago bacteria

43
Q

Transferrins

A

bind serum iron to decrease amount avaible to microbes

44
Q

Antimicrobial peptides

A

chain of 12 to 50 amino acids, 600 in plants and animals. dermicidins via sweat glands, thrombocidis by platelets, cathelecidians by macrophages and neutrophils

Microbiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions