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Microbiology > Ch.14 Microbiology + Ch.12 Leftover > Flashcards

Ch.14 Microbiology + Ch.12 Leftover Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pathology

A

Study of diseases and the changes they have on the body

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2
Q

Etiology

A

Study of causes of diseases

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3
Q

Pathogenesis

A

manner in which disease develops

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4
Q

Infection

A

invasion or colonization of the body by microorganisms

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5
Q

Disease

A

occurs when any infection results in change of state of health or have the body unable to carry on in its ways. you can have a disease like HIV with no symptoms

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6
Q

Symbiosis

A

Relationship with two organisms where one is dependent on the other its what we have with our normal microbiota

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

one organisms benefits while the other is unaffected

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8
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship where two organisms benefit one another.

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9
Q

Parasitism

A

Where one sucks the nutrients of another.

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10
Q

Normal microbiota

A

bacteria that naturally live on and in humans, lie e coli in the intestines. mouth, skin,, eyes, urinary and reproductinve systems

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11
Q

Microbial antagonism

A

aka competitive exclusion refers to how normal microbiota prevents overgrowth of harmful organisms
Ex. E coli produces proteins called bacteriocin that inhibits the growth of the same of or similar bacteria.

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12
Q

Transient Microbiota

A

temporary microbiota

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13
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

some of our normal microbiota can become pathogenic under certain conditions

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14
Q

probiotics

A

live microbes applied or ingested, intended to exert a beneficial effect

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15
Q

Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates Framework to study the etiology of a disease?

A

Some pathogens can cause several diseases. Some pathogens only cause disease in humans. Some pathogens can’t be cultured.

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16
Q

koch’s Postulates 1 and 2

A

The same pathogen has to be present in every case of disease, the pathogen must be isolated, and grown in pure cultures

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17
Q

Koch’s Postulates 3 and 4

A

pathogen, from the pure culture must cause disease in an animal, pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and be shows to be the original organism

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18
Q

Symptom

A

a change in the body felt by patient

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19
Q

Sign

A

a change in the body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

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20
Q

Syndrome

A

A specific group of signs and symptoms that come with a disease (AIDS for HIV)

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21
Q

Communicable Disease

A

a disease that is spread from one host to another

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22
Q

Contagious disease

A

a Communicable disease that is EASILY spread from one to another

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23
Q

Noncommunicable disease

A

a disease that is not transmitted from one host another another

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24
Q

Incidence

A

Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time

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25
Q

Prevalence

A

Fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time.

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26
Q

Sporadic Disease

A

disease that occurs occasionally in a population

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27
Q

Endemic Disease

A

Disease constantly present in a population

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28
Q

Epidemic Disease

A

disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time.

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29
Q

Pandemic Disease

A

Worldwide Epidemic

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30
Q

Herd immunity

A

immunity in most of a population leads to protection of non immune. 80%

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31
Q

Acute Disease

A

symptoms develop rapidly

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32
Q

Chronic Disease

A

Disease develops slowly,

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33
Q

Subacute disease

A

symptoms between acute and chronic

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34
Q

Latent Disease

A

disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is active

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35
Q

Local infection

A

pathogens are limited to a small amount of the body

36
Q

Systemic infection

A

infection throughout the whole body

37
Q

Focal infection

A

an infection that began locally but spread to other parts of the bood via blood or lymphatic vessels

38
Q

Sepsis

A

inflammatory condition from spread of microbes and their toxins

39
Q

Bacteremia

A

Bacteria in the blood

40
Q

Septicemia

A

Growth of bacteria in the blood

41
Q

Toxemia

A

Toxins in the blood

42
Q

Viremia

A

Viruses in blood

43
Q

Primary Infection

A

Acute infection that causes initial illness

44
Q

Secondary Infection

A

opportunistic infection after the primary infection

45
Q

Subclinical infection

A

has no noticeable signs or symptoms

46
Q

What are some predisposing factors that make one more susceptible to disease

A

short ureteral in females , inherited traits like sickle cell, climate and weather, fatigue, Age, Lifestyle, Chemotherapy, others

47
Q

Stages of disease

A
  1. incubation period (no signs or symptoms) 2. Prodromal period, mild signs and symptoms. 3.Period of illness, most sever symptoms. Period of decline 4. Period of convalescence
48
Q

Sources of infection

A

For human can be carriers, for animals cann be zoonoses, disease in non human animals that then transfer to humans

49
Q

Direct Contact

A

requires close association between infected and host

50
Q

Indirect contact

A

spread via formites (non living objects) like surfaces?

51
Q

Droplet contact

A

transmission via airborne droplets that travel less than 1 meter

52
Q

Vehicle Transmission

A

Transmission by inanimate vehicle like, water, food, air

53
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Infections acquired in a hospital setting

54
Q

Emerging Infectious Diseases

A

New, increasing in incidence, or showing potential to become bigger

55
Q

Why are EID useful or dangerous

A

Affects transportation , west nile, ecological war, causes lyme disease.

56
Q

CDC

A

Centers for disease control and prevention . They publish the MMWR the morbidy and mortality report that state specific incidence diseases and their mortality rate.

57
Q

Why is epidemiology studied?

A

Collection and analysis of data, snow and semmelweis, Involve prospective studies with following people if disease happens, and retrospective study looking back and seeing how people were affected.

58
Q

Mortality

A

Deaths from notifiable diseases

59
Q

Morbidity

A

Incidence of specific notifiable disease , morbidity rate is the number of people affected in relation to total population in a given period

60
Q

Protozoa

A

Various kingdom’s, used to be prositsa , chemoheterophic unicelllar motile organisms ,some for cysts.

61
Q

What are cysts, and vegetative form of protozoa

A

Cysts are like the endospores of protozoa, feeding and growing form is called a trophozoite . Asexual reproduction via fission, budding, and schizogony (multiple fission) Sexual reproduction via conjugation . Chemoheterotrophs.

62
Q

Diplomonads

A

type of protozoa with no mitochondria (makes energy via glycolysis) , multiple flagella like giardia lamblia that causes giardiasis, causing diarrhea weight loss, make cysts

63
Q

Parabasalids

A

type of protozoa with no mitochondria , no cyste. Example: Trichomonas Vaginalis that causes trichomoniasis STD found in vagina or in male urinary tract

64
Q

Euglenoza, move by flagella

A

Consist of Euglenoids that are photoautotrophic and found in fresh water also Hemoflagellates, are chemoheterotrophs, from animal bites, Trypanosoma cause sleeping sickness and chagas . Lesishmania come from sand fly vector

65
Q

Amebae, move cia pseudopods

A

move via pseudopods Entamoeba causes amoebic dysentary, acanthamoeba cause blindness

66
Q

Helminths

A

Animalia kingdom, chemoheterotroph, all are multicellular, elaborate life cycles

67
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms

68
Q

Trematodes

A

flukes

69
Q

Cestodes

A

tapeworms

70
Q

Nematoda

A

roundworms

71
Q

Monoecious

A

male and female reproductive systems in one animal.

72
Q

Dioecious

A

male and female reproductive systems in seperate animals, only fertilizations of eggs occur when both are present

73
Q

Definitive Host

A

ADULT or SEXUALLY REPRODUCTIVE

form of the parasite would be found in this type of host

74
Q

INTERMEDIATE HOST

A

IMMATURE or NON-SEXUAL
REPRODUCTIVE form of the parasite would be found in this
type of host

75
Q

schistosomes

A

blood flukes that are part male and female, they produce larve that go into a snail and then a human

76
Q

Schistosomiasis

A

tissue damage that is caused by eggs being logged in tissue. causes by schistomes.

77
Q

Lung fluke lifecycle

A

Paragonimus eggs from definitive host human are excreted, then go into the intermediate host of a crayfish

78
Q

Tapeworms

A

embryos form cysts in intermediate host,, adults live in the intestine of humans, T.saginata, T.solium.

79
Q

Taenia saginata and T solium

A

Taenia saginata is 12-18 ft long do not form cysts in human. and Taenia solium is 6-12 feet long.

80
Q

Pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis

A

complete digestive system, mostly dioecious, guide sperm to female, male is smaller

81
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

lives in human intestines, up to 1 ft, feeds on partially digested food.

82
Q

Hook worms

A

larvae from feces grow in soil, they bore through skin and go to intestine. Like necator americanus

83
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

larvae encyst in muscles of humans and other mammals

84
Q

Athropods why are they important

A

they are vectors for pathogens, like mosquitos and ticks

85
Q

Mechanical transmission,

A

pathogen is cared on a body part of the vector.

86
Q

Biological transmission

A

pathogens multiply in vector

87
Q

Definitive host

A

some pathogens sexually reproduce in their vectors.

Microbiology (19 decks)

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