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Microbiology > Ch.7 > Flashcards

Ch.7 Flashcards

1
Q

Sepsis

A

microbial contamination on/in tissue

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2
Q

Asepsis

A

absence of contamination on/in tissue

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3
Q

Sterilization-

A

removing all bacterial life

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4
Q

Commercial sterilization

A

killing specific methods to kill C. Botulinum endospores (used in the canning industry)

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5
Q

Disinfection

A

removing pathogens on inert surfaces or substance (cleaning table)

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6
Q

antisepsis

A

removing pathogens from living tissue

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7
Q

degerming

A

removing microbes from a limited area (hand washing)

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8
Q

Sanitization

A

lowering microbial counts on eating utensils (to safe public health levels)

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9
Q

Biocide/germicide

A

killing microbes

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10
Q

bacteriostasis

A

inhibiting, not killing, microbes

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11
Q

Effectiveness of treatments depends on

A

Number of cells,
Environment (temp, biofilms,
Time of exposure
Specific characteristics

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12
Q

How are microbes damaged?

A

Alteration of membrane Permeability
Damage to proteins
Damage to nucleic acids

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13
Q

TDP and TDT

A

Thermal death point (TDP): lowest temp at which all cells in a culture are killed in 10 min, Thermal death time (TDT): minimum time at which all cells in a culture are killed

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14
Q

Moist heat sterilization

A

Moist heat denatures proteins, almost all viruses, fungi die in 10 min

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15
Q

Autoclave

A

is steam under pressure
Steam at 100 degrees under 15 psi above sea level gives a temp of 121 degrees
Everything is destroyed at 15 min (endospores)

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16
Q

Pasteurization

A

Reduces spoilage organism and pathogens

63 C for 30 min

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17
Q

High temp short-time

A

72 C for 15 sec used in US

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18
Q

Ultra high temperature

A

140C for <1 sec held for 3 sec in a holding tube before cooling used in europe.

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19
Q

Dry heat sterilization

A

Dry heat

Flaming, incineration,, hot-air sterilization

20
Q

HEPA

A

a filtration method that removed microbes >0.30 µm

21
Q

Membrane filtration

A

removes microbes >0.22 µm, also has other sized filters, some can remove viruses

22
Q

Equivalent treatments

A

equivalent treatments Different methods that have the same effect on controlling microbial growth

23
Q

Physical methods of microbial control

A

Low temp inhibits microbial growth
Fridge, deep freezing, lyophilization (freezing and dehydration under vacuum. High pressure denatures proteins
Desiccation prevents metabolism
Osmotic pressure causes plasmolysis

24
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

( x rays, gamma rays, electron beams,)
Ionizes water to release OH
Damages DNA

25
Q

Non Ionizing radiation (UV)

A

Damages DNA

Microwaves kill by heat, not especially antimicrobial

26
Q

What are chemical controls weak against?

A

They are hard to kill endospores, mycobacteria, and fungi are difficult to treat with chemicals

27
Q

Principles of effective disinfection

A

Concentration of disinfectant
Organic matter
Ph
Time

28
Q

Biocide

A

kills living things

29
Q

Use-Dilution test-

A

the standard on how effective disinfectants and antiseptics are. MEtal rings are dipped in bacteria, dired, then placed in disinfectant for 10 mins. Then transferred to culture media to see if bacteria survived treatment

30
Q

Disk-diffusion test-

A

putting disk on agar to see if there is a zone of inhibition

31
Q

Phenol and phenolics

A

disrupt plasma membranes and denatures proteins
(Lysol)
Phenol and O-phenylphenol

32
Q

Biphenols

A

interrupt fatty acids synthesis

33
Q

Biguanides

A

disrupt membranes, used for control on skin, can be a surgical scrub
Broad spectrum, affects bacteria and fungi and some viruses
Not effective against endospores, mycobacteria, protozoal cysts

34
Q

Halogens

A

iodine , vegetative bacteria, some endospores, viruses and fungi
Chlorine - targests bacteria, viruses, some parasites, endospores
Bleach and oxidizing agents

35
Q

Alcohols

A

ethanol, isopropanol , targets bacteria, fungi not endospores

36
Q

Heavy metals

A

Ag, Hg, Cu silver, mercury, copper

37
Q

Oligodynamic action

A

(very little needed to be effective) denatures proteins (think heavy metals)

38
Q

surfactants

A

are Surface-Active agents

39
Q

Soap

A

a surfactant used for degerming

40
Q

Organic acids

A

inhibit metabolism, controls molds and bacteria in foods and cosmetics

41
Q

Nitrite

A

prevent endospore germination

42
Q

Aldehydes-

A

inactivate proteins by cross linking with functional groups. Medical equipment

43
Q

Gaseous Sterilants

A

dentaure proteins

44
Q

Plasma

A

generate free radical destroy microbes used in tubular instruments (laparoscopic, arthroscopic tools).

45
Q

Peroxygens

A

oxidizing agents, used on contaminated surfaces

Microbiology (19 decks)

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