L9 - Digestive System Flashcards
What muscle resides within the cheeks; what tissue lines the inner cheeks?
Buccinator; stratified squamous epithelium
What structures comprise the hard palate?
The palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones
What irregular surface makes up the anterior hard palate?
The palatal rugae
What is another name for the lips? What structure connects the lips to the gums?
The labia; the labial frenulum
What term refers to the space between the lips or cheeks and the gums?
The oral vestibule
What are the names of the different types of tooth? How many are there of each (upper and lower)?
Incisors (4) Canines (2) Premolars (4) Molars (6)
What is the name of the irregular surface of the premolars and the molars?
The cusp
What are the layers of the tooth from superficial to deep?
Enamel (hardest substance in the body), dentin (harder than bone), and pulp (blood vessels and nerves)
What is the name of the lower portion of the tooth that anchors it within the alveolus?
The root
What are the main salivary glands?
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular
What are the principle sections of the stomach?
Cardiac sphincter, cardia, fundus, body, pyloric region, pyloric sphincter
What folds give the stomach increased stretchiness?
The gastric rugae
What are the greater and lesser omentum?
The lesser connects the stomach and liver. The greater covers the anterior surface of the abdominal organs.
Describe the mesentery proper.
The fan-shaped fold of peritoneum that suspends the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall
What are the names for small accumulations of fat along the visceral peritoneum of the large intestine?
Epiploic appendages
What is a haustra? What are the teniae coli?
A small pouch of fecal material created by contraction of longitudinal smooth muscle called the teniae coli
Describe the right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobes of the liver.
What duct leaves the gallbladder and joins up with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct?
The cystic duct
Describe the bile system.
The right and left hepatic ducts leave the liver and join to become the common hepatic duct –> the common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct (from the gallbladder) to become the common bile duct –> the common bile duct then conveys the bile to the duodenum
The right and left hepatic ducts become the common hepatic duct; the common hepatic duct then becomes what?
It merges with the cystic duct to become the common bile duct
The common bile duct and pancreatic duct join at what structure to empty into the duodenum?
The ampulla of Vader in the duodenum through the sphincter of Oddi
What is the name for the macroscopic folds in the small intestine that increase surface area to enhance absorption?
The plicae circularis
