L5 - CNS (Brain and Meninges) Flashcards
Define the following terms: gray matter, white matter, gyrus, sulcus
Gray matter - neuronal cell bodies White matter- neuronal axons Gyrus - cerebral elevations Sulcus - cerebral grooves
What major sulci exist in the cerebrum?
Longitudinal fissure (along the sagittal suture), lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure), central sulcus (follows coronal suture), parietooccipital sulcus (follows the lambdoid suture)
What structure unites the two hemispheres of the brain?
The corpus callosum
What are the superficial cerebral lobes?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
What lobe is just deep to the lateral sulcus and is associated with memory and taste interpretation?
Insula lobe
What is the anterior portion of the corpus callosum called?
The genu
What is the posterior portion of the corpus callosum called?
The splenium
What gyrus located just superior to the corpus callosum is part of the limbic system and is responsible for emotional processing related to memory consolidation and motivation?
The cingulate gyrus
What part of the limbic system extends from the cingulate gyrus to the medial temporal lobe?
The parahippocampal gyrus (contains the entorhinal cortex)
What small, midline commissure connects the two thalamic lobes?
The interthalamic adhesion
Where are the mamillary bodies located (part of the limbic system involved in memory and olfactory processing)?
Posterior to the pituitary infundibulum, inferior to the third ventricle, and superior to the pons
Where is the pineal gland located, anterior or posterior to the thalamus?
Posterior
What structure connects the mamillary bodies and the hippocampus?
The fornix
What three structures make up the brain stem?
Midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata
What are the main structures of the midbrain?
The cerebral peduncles (tegmentum) anteriorly and the tectum posteriorly (the tectum being the superior and inferior colliculi).
For which reflexes are the superior colliculi responsible? And the inferior colliculi?
What do the cerebral peduncles do?
Superior - visual reflexes
Inferior - auditory reflexes
cerebral peduncles - link the cerebrum and the pons
What are some portions of the tegmentum?
The substantia nigra pars compacta, cerebral aquaduct, ventral tegmental area
What is directly below the pons?
The medulla oblongata
What white matter tracts link the cerebellum and the pons so the cerebellum can receive motor input?
The cerebellar peduncles
What connects the two cerebellar hemispheres? What is the white matter ‘tree’ in the cerebellum called?
Vermis; arbor vitae
What are the three meninge covers from most superficial to deepest?
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater
