L1 - Appendicular Skeleton (Lower) Flashcards
What are the three main portions of the ox coxa (hip bone)?
The ilium, ischium, and pubis
What is the large opening between the ischium and pubis called?
The obturator foramen
What is the name of the socket in which the head of the femur articulates?
The acetabulum
What is the superior ridge of the ilium border called?
The iliac crest
Where is the iliac fossa?
What is the opposite surface of the iliac fossa?
The gluteal surface
What are the two processes on the anterior surface of the ilium?
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
What are the two processes on the posterior surface of the ilium?
Posterior superior iliac spine
Posterior inferior iliac spine
What is the greater sciatic notch?
A large indentation of the ileum below the posterior inferior iliac spine
What is the name of the portion of the medial iliac that articulates with the sacrum?
The auricular surface
What are the three main landmarks of the ischium?
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
Ischiopubic ramus
What are the four main landmarks of the pubis?
Superior ramus (flattened superior border of obturator foramen)
Pubic tubercle (lateral end of pubic crest)
Pubic crest (ridge medial to the pubic tubercle that mediates the pubic symphysis)
Pubic symphysis
What bone makes up the pelvic girdle?
The os coxa
What bones make up the lower extremity?
The femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
What sits in the head of the femur and connects it to the acetabulum?
The fovea capitis (a small, central depression) contains a ligamentous attachment to the acetabulum
What are the two prominences on the proximal shaft of the femur (just below the head of the femur)?
The greater trochanter (lateral)
The lesser trochanter (medial)
What ridge connects the two femoral trochanters on the posterior side?
What structure connects them on the anterior side?
The intertrochanteric crest
The intertrochanteric line
What is the name of the roughened line running down the diaphysis of the femur? Which side is it on?
The linea aspera
It is posterior
Similar to the distal end of the humerus, what four structures make up the distal portion of the femur?
A lateral and a medial epicondyle situated above a lateral and a medial condyle
What is the name of the posterior notch and the anterior groove on the distal end of the femur?
The intercondylar notch and the patellar surface
What is the patella?
A triangular, sesamoid bone (the knee cap)
What are the two depressions of the tibial head that articulate with the femur?
The medial and lateral condyles
What is the name of the process between the tibial condyles? What attaches here?
The intercondylar eminence
The anterior cruciate ligament
What is the roughened surface of the anterior, proximal surface of the tibia?
The tibial tuberosity
What portion of the fibula makes up the tibiofibular joint?
The fibular head
What forms the medial ankle bulge? What structure juts downwards from the fibula below the tibia?
The medial malleolus (tibia)
The lateral malleolus (fibula)
What are the seven tarsal bones?
Talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform
Where is the calcaneal tuberosity?
How many metatarsal bones are there?
Five
All the toes are made up of a proximal, a middle, and a distal phalange except which?
The hallux (big toe) has only a proximal and a distal phalange
