L3 - Lower Muscles (Abdomen and Upper Leg)

Question 1

What are the four main abdominal muscles? What are two others?

Answer 1

External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis

Psoas major and quadratus lumborum

Question 2

What is the name of the connective tissue that lies vertically between the two halves of rectus abdominis?

Answer 2

The linea alba

Question 3

What two structures are connected by the inguinal ligament?

Answer 3

The iliac crest and the pubic tubercle

Question 4

Which muscle is the psoas major?

Answer 4

Question 5

Which muscle is the iliacus?

Answer 5

Question 6

What muscles merge to form the iliopsoas below the inguinal ligament?

Answer 6

The iliacus and the psoas major

Question 7

What square muscle attaches to the iliac crest and vertebrae and extends the spine?

Answer 7

Quadratus lumborum

Question 8

How are the quadratus lumborum, psoas major, and iliacus situated next to one another?

Answer 8

Question 9

What three muscles make up the erector spinae?

Answer 9

The spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis

Question 10

Where is the multifidus?

Answer 10

Deepest muscle down the spine (just deep to the spinalis)

Question 11

What portions of the spine are covered by the spinalis muscle?

Answer 11

The thoracic vertebrae

Question 12

What serrated muscle runs transversally and is located deep to the rhomboids on the upper back?

Answer 12

Serratus posterior superior

Question 13

What serrated muscle is located just deep to the latissimus dorsi and just superficial to the erector spinae?

Answer 13

Serratus posterior inferior

Question 14

What are the three gluteal muscles?

Answer 14

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus

Question 15

Outline the deep hip rotators (all just inferior to the gluteus medius):

Piriformis

Superior gemellus

Obturaror internus

Inferior gemellus

Quadratus femoris

Obturator externus

Answer 15

Question 16

Where do most of the deep hip rotators insert?

Answer 16

The greater trochanter

Question 17

What muscle is just deep to quadratus femoris?

Answer 17

Obturator externus

Question 18

How many muscle compartments are there in the leg?

Answer 18

Three: anterior, medial, and posterior

Question 19

What small muscle is located medial to the iliopsoas and flexes/adducts the femur?

Answer 19

Pectineus

Question 20

What muscle extends diagonally from the anterior superior iliac spine across the anterior compartment of the leg to insert in the pes anserinus?

Answer 20

Sartorius

Question 21

What muscle on the superior lateral aspect of the thigh is attached to the iliotibial tract and is responsible for femur abduction?

Answer 21

Tensor fasciae latae

Question 22

What four muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 22

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis

Question 23

The rectus femoris lies directly on top of which of the vastus muscles of the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 23

Vastus intermedius

Question 24

Which four muscles make up the medial compartment of the upper leg?

Answer 24

Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus

Question 25

What muscle lies between adductor longus (superficial) and adductor magnus (deep)?

Answer 25

Adductor brevis

Question 26

What three muscles insert into the pes anserinus?

Answer 26

Gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus

Question 27

What three muscles make up the hamstrings?

Answer 27

Semimembranosus (most medial), semitendinosus, and biceps femoris (most lateral)

Question 28

Which muscle sits just deep to semitendinosus?

Answer 28

Semimembranosus