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CAPS 390 > L6. Connective Tissues > Flashcards

L6. Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of connective tissues

A
  1. provide structural support
  2. lipid storage
  3. medium for exchange
  4. protective function
  5. defence
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2
Q

Where do connective tissues originate from?

A

mesenchyme / mesenchymal layer

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3
Q

What does the C.T consists of

A
  • ECM

- cells

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4
Q

Which tissue type has the most ECM?

A

CT

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5
Q

Describe C.T

A
  • made up of ECM and cells
  • derived from the mesenchyme
  • vascularized
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6
Q

What makes up the ECM

A
  • Ground substances

- Fibers

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7
Q

What are the 3 different types of fibers?

A

collagen
reticular fibers
elastic fibers

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8
Q

What are the 3 different ground substances?

A

GAG
proteoglycan
glycoprotein

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9
Q

What is the characteristics of GAG

A 
-vely charged
attracts Na+
attracts H2O ; allows high compression
long chains of carbohydrate
stains blue on HE stain
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10
Q

What is the characteristic of proteoglycan?

A 
hydration allows for diffusion 
contains GAG chains (long+unbranched) 
attracts water 
90% of weight is due to GAG 
compressive
stains blue in HE
keeps CT hydrated and gel like
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11
Q

What is the function of glycoprotein?

A
  • acts as an adhesive
  • link components of the ECM together
  • link ECM to cells
  • up to 60% of mass is due to short branched sugar chains
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12
Q

What is the characteristic of collagen?

A
  • collagen type 1 fibers have more tensile strength
  • thick , appear in bundles
  • consists of tropocollagen ( 3 interwoven collagen peptide helices) to make fibrils
  • appears STRIATED
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13
Q

What is the characteristic of reticular fibers?

A

Forms a reticular net
found in highly cellular organs
type 3 collagen fibers that are highly glycosylated

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14
Q

What is an example of proteoglycan?

A

aggracan

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15
Q

What is an example of glycoprotein

A

fibronectin

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16
Q

What is the characteristic of elastin?

A

distensible elastin polymers
glycoprotein wrapped around elastin polymers
found in tissues where stretch /coil is needed

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17
Q

What structure will have elastin?

A

vessels ( like artery)

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18
Q

What structure will have reticular fibers?

A

lymphoid nodes

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19
Q

What progenitor cells can be found in the ECM in CT?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

mesenchyme stem cells

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20
Q

What cells are derived from the mesenchyme stem cells

A

fibroblast
adipocytes
pericytes

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21
Q

What cells are derived from the hematopoietic stem cells

A

plasma cells
mast cells
macrophages

22
Q

What are the characteristics of fibroblast?

A
  • large nucleus
  • extensive ER and golgi
  • derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  • most abundant cell in CT
23
Q

What are the characteristics of pericytes?

A
  • attach to vessels stabilize them
  • contractile
  • pleuripotent stem cell properties
24
Q

What are the characteristics of adipocytes?

A
  • cytoplasm filled with lipid droplets
  • separated by dense irregular CT called septae
  • nuclei is eccentric
  • lipids are washed out during dehydration
25
Q

What are the characteristics of mast cells?

A

-part of inflammation response
secretes histamine (vasodilator, broncho constrictor) and heparin(anti-coagulant)
sensitive to pollen, foreign particules

26
Q

What are the characteristics of macrophages?

A

numerous vacuoles, vesicles, endosomes,lysosomes
kidney shaped nucleus
motile phagocytic
derived from monocytes

27
Q

What are the characteristics of plasma cells?

A

clock face nucleus
prominent golgi apparatus ( pale staining)
prominent RER ( STAINS BLUE)
differentiated lymphocytes

28
Q

What is the 5 types of connective tissue

A
  1. loose connective tissue
  2. regular dense connective tissue
  3. irregular dense connective tissue
  4. reticular C.T
  5. adipose C.T
29
Q

Describe the loose connective tissue

A

high cells
high Ground substance
low fibers
high diffusion index, flexible, mallaeble

30
Q

Describe the regular dense connective tissue

A

resistant to stress in one direction
low cell , low ground substance
lots of collagen type 1 fibers
high amount of fibers

31
Q

Describe the irregular dense connective tissue

A

high amount of fibers
resistant to stress in all directions
may contain elastin fibers and collagen type 1 fibers
fibers are irregularly arranged in all directions

32
Q

Describe the reticular C.T

A

highly cellular many reticular fibers ( type 3 collagen)

33
Q

Describe the adipose C.T

A

high number of adipocytes in groups ( lobules)

lobules are separated by sleeves of irregular connective tissue

34
Q

Where do we find loose connective tissue

A

lamina propria

35
Q

Where do we find regular dense connective tissue

A

found in tendons, muscles, ligaments

36
Q

Where do we find irregular dense connective tissue

A

found in dermis of skin and covering os some organs

37
Q

Where do we find reticular C.T

A

found in lymphoid structures

38
Q

Where do we find adipose C.T

A

dynamic, found in many CT sites ( hypodermis)

39
Q

What is the parenchyma

A

epithelial secretory unit

40
Q

what is the stroma (for epithelial morphogenesis and support)

A

surrounding connective tissues in gland

41
Q

What is a gland?

A

surface epithelial cells that penetrate underlying connective tissues and secrete substances they syntehsize

42
Q

Unicellular glands are

A

single secretory cells that embed in a surface epithelium

43
Q

Multicellular glands are

A

clusters of secretory cells surrounded by CT

secrete into a duct

44
Q

What are the 2 types of multicellular gland systems

A
  1. simple : only 1 duct ( no branch)

2. compound: more than 1 duct ( branch)

45
Q

What are the 2 shapes of a secretory unit

A
  1. tubular

2. alveolar

46
Q

What are the 2 types of secretory glands ( what they secrete)

A
  1. serous gland

2. mucous gland

47
Q

What is a serous gland

A

secrete a enzyme-rich fluid,
cytoplasm of parenchymal binds to eosin
(eg. pancreas)

48
Q

What is a mucuos gland

A

secrete glycoprotein and proteoglycans that form a lubricant;
bind to heotoxylin ( blue- due to -ve charge)
(eg. salivary gland)

49
Q

Give an example of a serous gland

A

pancreatic duct

50
Q

Give an example of a mucous gland

A

salivary gland

51
Q

What are fixed cells in the C.T?

A 
mast cells
adipocytes
fibrocytes
pericytes
(sometimes macrophages)
52
Q

What are transient cells in the CT?

A

numerous WBC, plasma cells

CAPS 390 (35 decks)

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