L34. Male reproductive 2 Flashcards
Where is the site of vasectomy?
vas deferens/ ductus deferens
What happens to the spermatozoa and hormonal production after vasectomy
- no disruption in hormone production
- spermatozoa and ejaculate is still produced
- principle ductus deferens and epithelial cells of epidymis become highly phagocytic
what can happen if the spermatozao escapes into the wall of the vas deferens
inflammation can occur due to immune response
Describe the ejaculatory ducts
- passive flow of seminal fluid and spermatozoa (no smooth muscle) from vas deferens to the urethra
- epithelium is similar to the epdidymis and vas deferens
- passes through the prostate
What are the 3 accessory genital glands?
- seminal vesicle
- prostate
- cowper’s gland
Describe the function of the 3 genital accessory glands
- exocrine glands in charge of making the seminal fluid
- have smooth muscle in the stroma that will contract in response to the sympathetic nervous system as part of the ejaculatory process
The majority of seminal fluid is produced by which gland
seminal vesicles
Describe the seminal vesicle
- secrete fructose rich fluid for sperm mobilization
2. majority of semen volume
Describe the prostate gland
- surrounds the urethra and ejaculatory duct
- secretes proteases/fibrolytic enzyem (PSA: prostate specific antigen)
- liquify the semen
- tubuloalveolar exocrine gland
- consists of parenchyma ( functional epithelial cells) and stroma ( supportive connective tissues).
What does PSA stand for
prostate specific antigen
Describe the Cowper’s gland
- secretes GAG and sliac acid rich fluid
2. lubricating
Describe the role of parenchyma cells found in the prostate
- functional epithelial cells
- pseudostratified layer
- testosterone responsive to both
a. differentiation/secretion (columnar cells)
b. proliferation/hyperplasia ( basal/stem cells) - apically secretes proteases that liquify semen prevnt sperm from bundling together
Describe the role of the stroma cells in the prostate
- supportive cells
- dense irregular tissue with intermingled smooth muscles
- sympathetic-responsive smooth muscle causes sympathetic nervous system contraction
What are the 2 types of prostatic pathology
- benign prostate hyperplasia
2. prostate carcinoma
describe prostate hyperplasia
- testosterone dependent
- increased polarized proliferation
- remains polarized ( apical domain)
- benign not malignant
Describe prostate carcinoma
- increased epithelial proliferation
- not polarized
- testosterone independent
- PSA is released into the stroma/fenestrated capillary
- can become malignant
- no lumen
Describe the urethra in the male reproductive system
- common semen urine passageway
- has a gradual epithelial shift from
a. transitional epithelium: expansion and contraction
b. pseudostratified columnar epithelium : some mucous secretions
c. stratified squamous epithelium: protective merges with skin externally
What is the function of having the gradual epithelial shift in the urethra
- protection from infection
- lower likelihood of tumor development
Describe the erectile tissue
- highly vascular: very prominent tunica media/smooth muscles. parasympathetic/nitic oxide signalling: relaxes smooth muscles and faciliates blood flow into venous spaces
- venous space: causes erection. NO generates the 2nd messanger cGMP
- has three columns of erectile tissue=corpora
(each corpura is surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue) –tunica albuginea - tissue of corpora– fibroelastic connective tissue
Describe the helicine arteries
arteries in the erectile tissue in the tunica media – smooth muscles shunts blood flow to venous sinouses
Describe the changes in state of the erectile penis– describe flaccid state
- helicine arterial smooth mucles contract
- little blood eneters to venous sinuses in corpora
- blood shunted to non corporal veins via arteriovenous anastomses (direct pathway from arteries to veins without capillary beds)
Describe the changes in state of the erectile penis– describe erect state
- smooth muscles in the helicane arteries relax (parasympathetic)
- increased blood flows to the venous sinosoid) which fill and expand
- decreased drainage of blood to veins from venous sinosoids -due to pressure against the tunica albuginea- maintains erection
