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CAPS 390 > L23. Endocrine System 1 > Flashcards

L23. Endocrine System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A
  • provides a functional connection between the CNS and the periphery NS
  • regulates every cell in the body
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2
Q

How many lobes does the pituitary gland have, what are it’s lobes called?

A
  • 2 lobes anterior and posterior
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3
Q

Where does the direct pathway occur

A

posterior lobe of the pituitary

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4
Q

Where does the indirect pathway occur

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary

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5
Q

Describe the function of hormones

A
  • circulate in the blood

- can be lipophilic or hydrophilic ( depending on whether it is a steriod or peptide hormone)

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6
Q

What classes of hormones are there

A
  • monoamines
  • lipophilic
  • peptide
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7
Q

What is the function of sex steroid hormones

A
  • regulate reproductive and cognitive function

- regulate emotions and feelings

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8
Q

What are the 3 different signaling parameters?

A
  • autocrine
  • endocrine
  • paracrine
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9
Q

What is an autocrine signaling pathway

A

hormones produced by a cell binds to the receptors on the same cell

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10
Q

What is a paracrine signaling pathway

A

hormones produced by cells binds to receptors close to the hormone-producing cell

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11
Q

What is an endocrine signaling pathway

A

hormones produced by the cell can enter the bloodstream and travel great distances

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12
Q

Describe peptide hormones

A
  • composed of amino acids
  • it is hydrophilic and is soluble in the blood stream
  • arranged as a complex chain or simple string of amino acids
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13
Q

How many amino acids is oxytocin composed off

A

9

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14
Q

What are monoamine hormones

A

contain one amino acid connected to an aromatic ring

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15
Q

Describe steroid hormones

A

composed of 4 fuse chains and 1 side ring
activity varies with functional group
lipophilic
circulate in the blood only after when attached to a transporter

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16
Q

Describe monoamines

A

hydrophilic

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17
Q

what amino acid is part of the hormone adrenaline?

A

tyrosine

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18
Q

Describe the thyroid hormone

A
  • derived from 2 amino acids (tyrosine)
  • bound to transport proteins so it can circulate the blood
  • lipophilic
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19
Q

draw the mode of amine and peptide hormones (pg 8b

A

pg 8b L 23

20
Q

Draw the mode of action for steriods and thyroid hormones ( pg 9a)

A

pg 9a

21
Q

Where are the receptors for peptides and monoamine hormones found?

A

cell surface (membrane) receptor

22
Q

Where are the receptors for thyroid hormones found?

A

have nuclear receptors

23
Q

Where are receptors for steroid hormones found?

A

nuclear receptors

membrane receptors

24
Q

What is the difference between the function between the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary?

A

the anterior pituitary both synthesizes and secretes the hormone
the posterior pituitary only secretes the hormone ( the hormones are produced elsewhere)

25
Q

What are the hormones produced by the anterior lobe ?

A 
FLAT P(E)G 
FSH, LH , ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Growth hormone
26
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

ADH

Oxytocin

27
Q

What is the function of the anterior pituitary

A
  • contains several different cell type that secretes a unique stimulating hormone
  • different cell types in the anterior pituitary are regulated by different hypothalamic nuclei
28
Q

What are corticotropes

A

they are one of the unique cell types on the anterior pitutary that secretes the stimulating hormone ACTH

29
Q

Describe the capillary endothelium in the CNS

A
  • forms a tight continuous junction

- known as the blood brain barrier

30
Q

What is median eminence

A

a specialized region that circumvents the blood brain barrier
where neurons can either exit or terminate
- nerual axons to the posterior pituitary project through the ME
- neural axons towards the anterior pituitary terminate at the ME

31
Q

where is the ME located?

A

located below the 3rd ventricle

32
Q

describe the indirect pathway

A
  1. CRH or TRH producing cells secrete hormones/ have their neurons terminate in the median eminence
  2. there are nerve terminals near the hypophyseal artery
  3. the chromophil cell in the anterior pituitary produces (ACTH)
  4. ACTH is then released into the hypophyseal vein
33
Q

what hormones are secreted through the indirect pathway

A

all hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary ( FLAT PEG)

34
Q

describe the direct pathway

A
  1. AVP or OT producing cells have their tracts passing through the median eminence and the hormones are secreted directly to the herring body
  2. hormones from the herring body are then released to the hypophyseal vein
35
Q

Draw the direct and indirect pathway (pg 14b and pg 15a)

A

pg 14 b and pg 15a

36
Q

what does a nucleus mean in the CNS

A

group or cluster of cell bodies in the CNS

37
Q

Where is the paraventricular neuron located

A

It is located beside the 3rd ventricle

38
Q

Where is the supraoptic nucleus located

A

on top of the optic tract

39
Q

In the paraventricular nucleus , what are the 2 types of cells where are they in terms of medial/ lateral positions

A

parvocllular ( medial)

magnocellular ( lateral)

40
Q

Where do the substrates of parvocellular cells end up ?

A

They pass through the median eminence and enter the anterior pituitary

41
Q

Where do the substrates of magnocellular cells end up?

A

They go directly to the posterior pituitary

42
Q

What is the zona interna of the Median eminence

A

fibers en passage to the posterior pituitary

43
Q

What is the zona externa of the median eminence

A

it integrates with the pituitary portal system ( needed for indirect pathway)

44
Q

Describe the similarities/difference between the paraventricular nerves ( PVN) and the SON

A
  • PVN and SON synthesize polypeptides
  • unlike SON, PVN also contains neurosecretory neurons that terminate within BOTH the posterior pituitary and median eminence
  • the peptide synthesizing neurons occupy different regions of the nucleus
45
Q

How are the brain and the pituitary connected

A

through direct and indirect pathway

CAPS 390 (35 decks)

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