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CAPS 390 > L13. Nervous System > Flashcards

L13. Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The CNS is a conveyor of information that can be divided or organized into different parts

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2
Q

What is a neuron

A

It is a specialized unique structure that transmits information ( in the CNS)

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3
Q

What are the functions of a neuron?

A
  1. stores information: learning
  2. memory
  3. coordinate body activities
  4. detect and analyze sensory information
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4
Q

Which embryonic layer is the neuron derived from?

A

It is derived from the ectoderm layer

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5
Q

What constitutes the CNS

A

brain , spinal cord

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6
Q

What constitutes the PNS

A

all the nerves in the body:

spinal, autonomic, enteric

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7
Q

Describe the information flow in the nervous system

A

sensory info (PNS)-> CNS (brain+spinal cord)-> PNS (neuron)

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8
Q

How can the Nervous system be divided into?

A
  1. diff regions dedicated to diff parts of the body
  2. diff regions serving diff modes or information
  3. somatotopic organization
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9
Q

What is a sematotopic organization

A
  1. consists of bumps of gyri ( provide greater SA for increased motor function
    a. precentral gyrus
    b.postcentral gyrus
  2. grooves known as sulci
    (central sulcus)
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10
Q

What is grey matter?

A

nerve cell bodies

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11
Q

What is white matter?

A

tracts of myelinated nerve fibers

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12
Q

What are the 2 types nerves?

A
  1. sensory nerves - info to CNS
    sensory=afferent (towards)
  2. motor nerves -info away from CNS
    motor=efferent (away from)
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13
Q

examples of sensory information

A
  1. olfactory
  2. pain
  3. touch
  4. temperature
  5. proioception ( limb position)
  6. vision
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14
Q

examples of motor information

A
  1. effector muscles ( skeletal, cardiac, smooth)

2. glands (bladder, adrenal medulla)

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15
Q

What are the 2 classification of nerves.

A
  1. somatic nerves

2. visceral nerves

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16
Q

What are the functions of somatic nerves ( in terms of sensory and motor neurons)

A
  1. sensory info is consciously perceived
  2. motor action is voluntary
  3. single neuron connection
17
Q

What are the functions of visceral nerves ( in terms of sensory and motor neurons)

A
  1. sensory info is unconscious
  2. motor action is involuntary
  3. multiple connections in CNS
18
Q

Draw the autonomic and somatic nervous system

A

L13, pg 9b

19
Q

What are the 2 autonomic divisions

A
  1. sympathetic division

2. parasympathetic division

20
Q

What is the sympathetic division involved in?

A
  1. fight or flight
  2. catabolic reactions
  3. mobilize stored energy
21
Q

What is the parasympathetic division involved in?

A
  1. rest and relax
  2. anabolic
  3. growth and tissue repair
22
Q

Daw the midbrain,ganglion,cervical, thoracic lumbar and sacral connections

23
Q

What is the similarities between the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?

A

have chain of cells located outside the spinal cord (ganglion)

24
Q

What are the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?

A
  1. function (catabolic vs anabolic)
  2. origin of the nerve cell bodies
    parasympathetic: cervical, sacral
    sympathetic: thoracic,lumbar
25
Q

What are the 3 categories of nervous tissues?

A
  1. neurons
  2. glia
  3. support cells
26
Q

What are glia cells?

A
  1. non-excitable cells of neural origin
  2. enhance transmission efficiency
  3. wrap around axons
27
Q

What are support cells?

A
  1. blood vessels (endothelium/fibroblast)

2. microglia ( immune cells of the CNS)

28
Q

What is in the cell body of the neuron?

A
  1. prominent nucleolus (makes ribosome)
  2. cytoplasm: cytoskeleton, organelles
  3. nissl substance ribosome rich RER
  4. has dendrites and axon
29
Q

What is a Nissl stain?

A

1.reacts with acid ( DNA,RNA, tRNA,rRNA)

30
Q

What are the 4 major parts of the cell?

A
  1. soma (cell body)
  2. dendrites (receptive region)
  3. axons (conductive region)
  4. terminal ( synaptic ending)
31
Q

Draw a nerve cell – focus on the cell body

32
Q

What is the alternative name of a cell body of a nerve?

A

perikaryon

33
Q

What are dendrites? (function)

A 
1, receptive region of the cell
2. conductive impulses towards the cell
3. some contents similar to soma:
have mitochondria,SER, microtubules,neurofilaments
4. lack of golgi complex
34
Q

What are axons?(function)

A
  1. conductive region of the cell
    2.send impulses away from cell body
    3.mitochondria, SER
    4.no RER
  2. microtubule: axonal transport (BIDIRECTIONAL)
    moves vesicles and proteins
    recycles structural components
    anterograde and retrograde transport
35
Q

What is the effector region in the axon terminal?

A

neuron contact between target gland, muscle or neuron

36
Q

What are the 3 synapse in the axon terminal?

A
  1. pre-synaptic terminal (delivers NT)
  2. post-synaptic terminal (receives NT)
  3. synaptic cleft (intracellular space)

CAPS 390 (35 decks)

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