L15. Blood Flashcards
What is blood?
Specialized connective tissue
What does blood consists of?
Formed elements= (45% of RBC) Cells+Platelets
(1% of buffy coat consists of platelets an WBC)
ECM= Plasma
55% of Plasma:
90% water, 9% protein
1% dissolved ions and gases
What are the 5 types of plasma proteins
- Albumin
- Globulins
- Clotting Protein
- Complement proteins
- Plasma lipoproteins
Where is the source of most of the plasma proteins?
liver
What does high levels of LDL indicate?
hypercholesterolemia
What do you get when you remove clotting factors from plasma?
serum
What is the function of albumin?
maintains colloid pressure and transports certain insoluble metabolites
What is the function of complement proteins?
destruction of micro-ogranisms and initiation of inflammation
What is the function of plasma lipoproteins?
transport triglyceriods and cholesterol from the liver to other body cells ( or to the liver )
What is the hematocrit?
It consists of the formed elements ( RBC, WBC and platelets)
Can the buffy coat composition change? If so when
Yes it can change during extreme pathological conditions
What stain is used to stain blood
Wright stain
In a Wright stain what are the colors seen and what do they stain?
blue= acid
pink=protein
purple=glycoprotein
Describe the shape and nucleus type of erythrocytes
-biconcave disc
-no nucleus
-stains wright pink because hemoglobin is acidophillic ( so it is actually basic)
~8um in diameter
-biconcave in shape ( increases -SA for gas exchange)
-few organelles
- has sub-plasmamembranous cytoskeleton
- has surface carbohydrates
What is the functions of RBC?
transport hemoglobin and binds O2 and CO2
functions inside circulatory system
What is anemia?
RBC deficiency
can be
-metabolic ( iron deficiency)
- genetic ( sickle call anemia)
What is in the cytoplasm of RBC
- packed with Hb
- protein +iron/heme group
- contains carbonic anhydrase enzyme
What are the carbohydrates on the surface of RBC for?
Used for surface antigens.
AB universal acceptor
O universal donor
What is the purpose of the plasmamembranous cytoskeleton
- maintains RBC shape and flexibility
- needed for the RBC movement through the capillaries
Write the equation in the RBC involving carbonic anhydrase
H2)+CO2-> H2CO3 ( this is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase)-> H+ + HCO3- ( this is caused by alkali RBC)
What is the function of producing bicarbonate ions?
- used to buffer
- used to carry CO2
What is the lifespan of a RBC?
120 days
When/ How does RBCs break down?
- loss of cytoskeletal integrity
- slows RBC movement in vessels + fragility
- RBC degradation in the spleen
What is the % composition of proteins on the RBC
50%
What are the 2 main proteins found on the RBC
glycophorins=membrane anchors for cytoplasmic adaptor/ linker complexes
band 3=membrane anchors for anion transporter (ie. for HCO3)
Can the RBC make proteins
No, has no nucleus
What is the percentage composition of WBC in the blood
less than 1% of total cell number
What are the functions of WBC
- travel in the circulatory system
- function outside of the circulatory system
- exit the vasculature by integrin-dependent ‘Diapedesis’