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CAPS 390 > L29. Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

L29. Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the tubular portion of the GI tract

A 
mucosa
muscularis mucosae
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia
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2
Q

Describe the mucosa layer

A
  • endodermally derived

- loose CT with lymphoid nodes

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3
Q

Describe the musclaris mucosae

A

contains smooth muscle

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4
Q

Describe the submucosa layer

A

dense irregular CT

Meissner nerve plexus (autonomic ganglia)

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5
Q

Describe the Muscularis Externa

A
  • regulates peristalsis
  • has an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer
  • smooth muscle : has a thickening at the eosphogal/cardiac and duodenal/pyloric opening : sphinctors that control the flow of lumen
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6
Q

Describe the adventitia layer

A
  • thinlayer of CT
  • simple squamous epithelial covering
  • may or may not attach to abdominal wall and contains blood vessels and nerves
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7
Q

Describe the esophagus

A
  • conduit that links the pharynx with the stomach

- does not participate in absorption or secretion

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8
Q

Describe the different layers of the esophagus

A

Mucosal: stratified squamous epithelial (non-keratinized), protective
Lamina propria: loose CT
Submucosal: dense irregular CT, secrete seromucous (to lubricate and has anti-bacterial properties)
Adventitia:skeleal muscles needed for swallowing(top portion) lower portion: involuntary required for peristalsis

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9
Q

Describe the mucosal layer of the stomach

A
  • apically secretes acids,enzymes and mucous
  • basally secretes paracrine release factors
  • simple columnar epithelium with depressions =gastric glands
  • has rugae(transient gastric mucosal folds) that flatten when stomach is full
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10
Q

What is Barette’s Syndrome

A

when your cardiac sphincter muscles doesn’t work, loads of acid reflux causes the tissues in the esophagus to be changed to stomach tissue

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11
Q

Describe the gastro-esophageal junction

A

abrupt transition from stratified squamous to columnar epithelium
separated by cardiac sphinctor

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12
Q

name the different types of stomach cells

A
  1. stomach lining cells
  2. regenerative cells
  3. mucous neck cells
  4. oxyntic parietal cells
  5. zymogenic chief cells
  6. enteroendocrine cells (DNES/APUD)
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13
Q

What is the function of stomach lining cell

A

produce some protective mucus

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14
Q

What is the function of regenerative cell

A

contains stem cells has proliferative ability

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15
Q

What is the function of mucous neck cells

A

like goblet cells produce a lot of protective mucus

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16
Q

What is the function of oxyntic parietal cells

A

secretes acid /HCL (synthesis of acids similar to RBC)

17
Q

What is the function of zymogenic chief cells

A

secretes pepsinogen apically
pepsinogen is inactive and will be activated by acid in the stomach
lots of RER

18
Q

What is the function of enteroendocrine cells

A

secretes peptides basally acts as paracrine or endocrine factors (paracrine:gastrin and endocrine:VIP)

19
Q

What is the function of VIP endocrine factor

A

VIP (vasoactive intestinal pepide) increases peristalsis of intestine

20
Q

What is the function of the gastrin paracrine factor

A

increases parietal cell acid secretion and relaxes pyloric sphinctor muscle
release of chyme into the duodenum

21
Q

Describe the gastro-duodenal junction

A

thickening of the smooth muscles of the muscularis externa =pyloric sphinctor

22
Q

Describe the small intestine

A
  1. has digestive function: facilitated by enzymes secreted from the pancrease
  2. absorptive function: increased surface area for absorption through mucosal projections (villi) and depressions (crypts)
23
Q

Describe the epithelium of the small intestine

A
  1. contains goblet cells that secrete mucous
  2. absorptive cells : enterocytes
  3. anti-bacterial cells: paneth cells
  4. simple columnar cells
24
Q

Describe the lamina propria of the small intestine

A
  1. loose connective tissue
  2. prominent MALT
  3. many vascular capillaries and lacteals
25
Q

Describe the Paneth cells

A
  1. eosinophilic secretory vesicles
  2. released apically, contains anti-bacterial lysosyme
  3. can become antigen presenting cells , founds deep within the crypts at their base
26
Q

Describe the submucosa of the small intestine

A
  1. contains Brunner gland
  2. Brunner gland is an exocrine gland that secretes alkaline mucous that protects and neutralize acid entering small intestine
27
Q

Describe the large intestine

A
  1. highly absorptive for water and ions

2. contains enterocytes and goblet cells

28
Q

Describe the mucosa layer of the large intestine

A
  1. Absorptive

2. crypts and glands are present but have no vili

29
Q

Describe the epithelium layer of the large intestine

A

simple columnar, has enterocytes with goblet cells

30
Q

Describe the submucosa layer of the large intestine

A

dense irregular connective tissue no Brunner gland

31
Q

Describe the m. externa of the large intestine

A

external - skeletal muscles
internal - smooth muscles
terminal thickening: anal sphincters

32
Q

Describe the epithelial transition at the recto-anal junction

A

-metaplastic can change from simple columnar to stratified squamous at the divison

33
Q

What is the pectinate line at the recto-anal junction

A

congenital malformations can occur: site where the epithelium from the endoderm and ectoderm fuse

34
Q

Describe the 2 anal sphincters at the recto-anal junction

A
  • superior internal sphincter: smooth muscle

- external sphincter: skeletal muscle : voluntary control

35
Q

Describe hemorrhoidal veins in the recto-anal junction

A

-at the mucosal and submucosal CT there are large diameter hemorrhoidal veins

36
Q

What happens to the hemorrhoidal veins when a person has hemorrhoids

A

veins are swollen and bulge in the recto-anal canal ( due to poor venous return to the hepatic portal vein; worsens due to hypertension)

CAPS 390 (35 decks)

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