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CAPS 390 > L20. Circulatory System > Flashcards

L20. Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

A
  1. heart

2. two circuits of the blood vessels: systemic and pulmonary

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2
Q

What are the 2 circuits of the blood vessel

A
  1. systemic

2. pulmonary

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3
Q

What are arteries?

A
  • Vessels and tubes that send blood away from the heart
  • high pressure
  • have thicker tunia than veins
  • Branches into capillaries that supply all regions of the body
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4
Q

What are capillaries?

A

thin walls of vessels that allow the exchange of gases, hormones, nutrients and waste between the blood and tissues

  • endothelial cells and pericytes surrounded by the basement membrane = T.Intima
  • consist almost entirely of the tunica intima only
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5
Q

What are veins?

A

A series of vessels that drain the capillary bed forms larger diameter that return blood to the heart

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6
Q

What are the 3 layers covering the blood vessel?

Start from innermost to outermost

A
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica adventrilia
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7
Q

How does the composition of the 3 layers surrounding the blood vessel vary?

A

vary depending on blood vessel type and location

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8
Q

Identify the 3 layers in the blood vessel on L20. page 3a.

A

L20, pg 3a

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9
Q

Describe the characteristics of blood vessel organization

A
  1. mesodermally-derived tubes
  2. central lumen contains blood
  3. outer wall contains 3 layers (tunica intima, tunica media,tunica adventrilia)
  4. tunica vary in tissue composition and structure depending on the vessel type
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10
Q

Describe the tunica intima

A
  1. Simple squamous and cubodial epitelium forms the simple epithelial ( endothelium)
  2. has pericytes
  3. basement membrane
  4. contains elastic fibers
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11
Q

Describe the tunica media

A
  1. concentric layers of smooth muscles
  2. concentric layers of elastic fibers
  3. C.T varies in amount and type
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12
Q

Describe the tunica adventitia

A
  1. contains vas vasora (blood vessels that supply walls of large vessels)
  2. outermost connective tissue, varies in thickness and type
  3. largest veins may have longitudinal smooth muscles
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13
Q

What are the different types of arteries?

A
  1. elastic arteries
  2. muscular arteries
  3. arterioles
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14
Q

Describe the elastic artery

A
  1. TI: has prominent lamina propria
  2. TM: has elastic fibers that aid in the contraction and recoil
  3. TA: has a prominent vas vasorum
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15
Q

What is the cause of an aneurysm?

A

lost of elasticity in the tunica media

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16
Q

Describe the muscular artery

A
  1. TI: has many accordion folds, has elastic fibers
  2. TM: contains up to 40 layers concentric smooth muscle
  3. TA:contains dense amount of collagen
17
Q

Describe the arteriole

A
  1. TI: endothelium and basement membrane , little lamina propria
  2. TM:1-3 layers of muscle
  3. TA: loose connective tissue
18
Q

What controls teh contraction of the arteriole

A
  1. paracrine factors
  2. autonomic nerves (contraction=epinephrine; relaxation=acteylcholine and NO)
    - regulate blood pressure and blood flow into capillary beds at the metarterioles
19
Q

What are metarterioles

A

they are the smallest pre-capillaries branched from the arterioles

20
Q

What are the different types of capillaries

A
  1. continuous capillaries
  2. fenestration capillaries
  3. sinusoidal capillaries
21
Q

Describe the continuous capillaries

A
  • exchange between blood and surrounding tissue is highly regulated
  • endothelium has tight junctions;
  • macromolecular transport is highly regulated by pinocyotosis or vesicular transcytosis
22
Q

Where can continuous capillaries be found?

A
  • brain

- lungs

23
Q

Describe the fenestration capillaries

A
  • exhcange between blood and surrounding tissue is selective

- endothelium has small gaps that has a proteoglycan (diapgram) that is selective for marcromolecular passage

24
Q

Where can fenestration capillaries be found

A

kidney, intestine endocrine gland

25
Q

What is the function of proteoglycan diaphragm?

A

prevents free passage of large macromolecules (eg. plasma protein)

26
Q

What is the function of sinusoidal capillaries?

A
  • allow free exchange between the blood vessel and surrounding tissues
  • large gaps in the endothelial walls so cells can move through
  • large diameter (40um)
  • aka venous sinosoids
27
Q

Where ccan sinusoidal capillaries be found?

A

bone marrow, liver, spleen

28
Q

What are the 3 types of veins

A
  1. venules
  2. small and medium veins
  3. large veins
29
Q

What are venules?

A
  1. immediate post capillary - large diameter lumen vs arteriole
  2. prominent tunica intima - major site of diapedesis
30
Q

What are small and medium veins?

A
  1. folds of tunica intima push into the lumen
    - forms valves
  2. TM: less prominent than arteries
  3. prominent tunica adventitia
    - lots of collagen 1
31
Q

What are the large veins

A
  1. TI: prominant; lamina propria is fibroelastic
  2. TM: not well develop
  3. prominent tunica adventitia
    - collagen 1 , elastin , some longitudinal smooth muscles
32
Q

Name factors that drive blood flow in veins

A
  1. presence of valves in tunica intima

2. skeletal muscles constrict veins

33
Q

What are the differences between venules and arterioles

A
  1. veins have a larger lumen diameter than arterioles
  2. the TI is prominent in veins than in arterioles
  3. the TM in veins have a sparse CT while arterioles have smooth concentric muscles

CAPS 390 (35 decks)

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