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CAPS 390 > L26. Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

L26. Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general organization of the internal tube based organ ( start from the outer layer)

A
  1. adventitia
  2. sub-mucosa
  3. mucosa
    - -lamina propria
    - -epithelium
  4. lumen
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2
Q

Where is the epithelium layer of the mucosa derived?

A

endodermally derived

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3
Q

Describe the lamina propria layer in the mucosa layer

A

contains loose CT with MALT

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4
Q

Describe the sub-mucosa layer

A
  • connective tissue

- glands

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5
Q

Describe the adventitia layer

A

-CT may contain muscles, bones and cartilage (depends on function and location)

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6
Q

State the conducting path of the respiratory system

A

nasal cavity->pharynx->larynx->trachea-> primary bronchi-> secondary bronchi ->tertiary bronchi -> primary bronchioles -> secondary bronchioles

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7
Q

Describe the trachea

A
  1. single tube
  2. lumen lined with hyaline cartilage
  3. lumen is always open
  4. major conducting airway in neck and thorax
  5. seromuccillary clearance of debris from the lumen
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8
Q

How is the diameter of the lumen regulated?

A
  1. smooth muscles causes lumen to contract

2. elastic connective tissue facilitates reopening of the tissue when the smooth muscle relaxes

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9
Q

Label all structures on pg 4b of L 26

A

pg 4b

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10
Q

Describe the inner layer (mucosa) of the trachea

A
  1. respiratory eptithelium
  2. pseudo-stratified epithelium
  3. ciliated
  4. contains loose connective tissue-epithelium
  5. contains MALT
  6. elastic lamina
  7. contains the following 4 cells
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11
Q

What is the function of the elastic lamina in the mucosa layer of the trachea

A

needed for recoil between the mucosa and he sub-mucosa

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12
Q

What are the 4 cells in the pseudostratified layer of the trachea and what are their functions

A
  1. columnar cells: contains apical motile cilia (microtubule based) required for seromucocilary clearance, beat upwards towards the pharynx
  2. goblet cells: apical secretes mucous. unicellular exocrine gland. has some apical non-motile microvili (actin based)
  3. small mucous granule cells : secretes paracrine factors basally; some secretions regulate muscle contraction (lumen diameter)
  4. basal stem cells
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13
Q

Describe the submucosa layer

A

fibroelastic connective tissue
seromucosa gland
complex acinar
has mucous acini releases carbohydrate/viscous secretion
contains serous demilune (protein/water secretion): consistency requires ion transport

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14
Q

Describe the adventitia layer

A

contains hyaline cartilage rings with smooth muscle which connects rings posteriorly

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15
Q

What system is the small mucous granule cells part of

A

diffuse neuroendocrine system

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16
Q

what does the small mucous granule cells respond to

A

low O2 levels have neural functions

17
Q

Describe the pharynx and the 4 layers of it

A
  1. funnel shape , allows food and air to pass
  2. muscular not cartilaganous walls
  3. epithelium: stratified squamous due to friction from food, has some respiratory epithelium
  4. lamina propria: large MALT aggregates (tonsils)
  5. submucosa: has seromucuos glands ( ducts empty into lumen surface)
  6. adventitia: contains skeletal muscles needed for voluntary swallowing
18
Q

Where is the larynx

A

between the trachea and the pharynx

19
Q

What is the roof of the larynx and what is it’s function

A

epiglottis, closes during swallowing and opens during breathing. therefore made of elastic cartilage in the adventitia for flexibility

20
Q

What is the floor of the larynx and what is it’s function

A

vocal folds, have submucosa and mucosa layer forming bilateral folds into the lumen.

21
Q

describe the epithelium layer of the larynx

A

mostly pseudostratified ciliated columnara epithelium while the areas near the vocal folds and the epiglotis are stratified squamous because of the increased friction between the 2 epithelial against each other .vocal folds are sometimes keratinized

22
Q

Describe the lamina propria of the larynx

A

loose connective tissue with some elastic fibers

23
Q

Describe the submucosa of the larynx

A

CT with some seromucos gland, the vocal cords have a dense connective tissue (vocal ligament)

24
Q

Describe the adventia layer of the larynx

A

has eleastic cartilage in the epiglottis
skeletal muscles are attached to the vocal ligaments, when the muscles contract the tension of the vocal cords increases and they vibrate to produce sound waves

25
Q

Describe the nasal cavity

A
  1. muscocilary clearance
  2. lamina propria is highly vascular to keep cavity warm
  3. almost no submucosa layer
  4. cilia beats back to the pharynx
  5. prominent adventitia, hyaline cartilage anteriorly and bone posteriorly
  6. continuous with paranasal sinuses
26
Q

What is a paranasal sinus

A

restricted spaces that cannot expand, especially the narrow passageway between the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses can become plugged due to inflammation in the lamina propria

27
Q

Describe the epithelium of the nasal cavity

A
  1. pseudostratified
  2. ciliated
  3. contains goblet cells
  4. respiratory cells except anteriorly where it merges with the epidermis of the skin (stratified squamous)– near nostrils
28
Q

Describe the lamina propria of the nasal cavity

A
  1. loose CT
  2. contains mucous glands
  3. contains some MALT
  4. highly vascular to keep nasal cavities war,
29
Q

Describe the adventitia layer

A
  1. contains hyaline cartilage anteriorly and bone posteriorly
30
Q

what is the roof of the nasal cavity

A

olfactory epithelium; modified respiratoty epithelium

31
Q

Describe the olfactory epithelium

A

contains olfactory cells (=sensory neurons).
dendrites end in the modified sensory cilia which are embedded in odorant-containing serous secretions
-contain basal stem cells and supportive columnar cells

32
Q

Describe the olfactory lamina propria

A
  • has Bowman’s glands that open up on epithelial surface
  • watery secretions trap the chemical particles that can stimulate the sensory dendrites of the olfactory cells
  • above causes a modified action potential = smell

CAPS 390 (35 decks)

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