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PODB > L18 > Flashcards

L18 Flashcards

1
Q

whereas animal dev has embryogenesis, plant dev goes through what else

A

embryogenesis, and then also post embryonic development to become an adult plant (and then there is also continuous dev. after)

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2
Q

Shoot Modulesare_______
and they
Keep generating_______

A

phytomers
modules

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3
Q

Continuous plant development happens in the______

A

meristem

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4
Q

A shoot apical meristem from the top (fast dividing meristem cells (_______) in the center of the meristem and leaves are being generated in the________)

A

stem cells
periphery

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5
Q

Plant development is more flexible in response to the ___________

A

environmental cues

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6
Q

animal cells can_____, whereas plant cells cannot _____ bc of their

A

move
migrate
thick cell wall

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7
Q

__________ fibers which make the plant cell wall very rigid

A

cellulose and hemicellulose

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8
Q

two different cell division pattern_______

A

(anticlinal and periclinal cell division)

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9
Q

Epidermis cell have only _______ cell divisions while ground tissue has both ______ cell divisions.

A

anticlinal
anticlinal and periclinal

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10
Q

In wild-type Arabidopsis leaf, _______ and ________ control the elongation. _______ controls elongation along the leaf axis while_____ controls elongation to the perpendicular direction of the leaf axis.

A

ROTUNDIFOLIA (ROT) and ANGUISTOFOLIA (AN)
ROT
AN

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11
Q

Unique aspects of plant development

A

Post-embryonic development
Continuous development
Changeable according to environmental cues
Cells cannot move- Plant development depends on controlled cell divisions and directional elongation

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12
Q

what happens during embryogenesis of plants?

A

A series of “precise” and “predictable”
cell divisions and gene expressions

Establishes cell lineages and tissue identities

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13
Q

what happens in the 4 divisions of early embryogenesis in plants?

A

1st division - zygote divide into apical and basal cells- asymmetric division, the apical cell becomes embryo and the basal cell into suspensor
2nd division in embryo- symmetric
3rd divisions - symmetric – makes 8-cell embryo
4th divisions- periclinal division, makes epidermis lineage.

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14
Q

_____ genes play an important role in the early embryogenesis.

A

WOX

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15
Q

WOX__, WOX__ and WOX__ are particularly important for the early embryogenesis. Expression patterns of these WOX gene determine different cells in an early embryo.

A

2, 8, 9

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16
Q

WOX __ and __ are expressed in a zygote before the first cell division.
Two cell stage - WOX___ in the apical cell ( this cell will develop into embryo). WOX__, ___ in the basal cell ( this cell will develop into suspensor)

A

2
8
2
8, 9

17
Q

In the 8 cell stage , WOX__ is expressed upper 1/2 of the embryo (This part will develop into shoot apical meristem & cotyledons later) and WOX__ is expressed in the bottom ½ of the embryo (This part will develop into hypocotyl and root)

A

2
9

18
Q

WOX__ is consistently expressed in the suspensor after 2-cell stage.

A

8

19
Q

mutations in WOX__ makes things different _____, whereas mutations in WOX 8, 9 makes things different ____

A

during cell division
during embryo

20
Q

Expressing WOX__ “ectopically” in embryo and suspensor lead to_____ divisions

A

2
anticlinal

21
Q

After 16 cell embryo stage,______ expression is maintained in the L1 layer throughout the entire plant life time.

A

ATML1

22
Q

ATML1 mutant – embryo_______ since cell divison patterns during the early embryogenesis is defective in the atml1 mutant.

A

lethal

23
Q

CUPSHAPE COTYLEDON3 (CUC3) is expressed in the _________ of embryo and later (globular stage) CUC3 turns on SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) gene in the______ (and this group of cells will develop into the_____)

A

upper half cells
center
SAM

24
Q

STM1 mutant cannot make any_______

A

SAM

25
Q

Cotyledon lineage is established by ____ (PHAB) and______ genes (FIL, KAN)

A

adaxial
abaxial

26
Q

Root lineage is apparent from the __ cell stage

A

8

27
Q

For root lineage,________ is the key genes

A

PLETHORA1

28
Q

One gene involved in establishing the apical-basal polarity is______

A

TOPLESS

29
Q

When TOPLESS is mutated, the apical-basal polarity is lost and has only ________.

A

two bottom identities

30
Q

auxin accumulation is directed by what

A

pin

PODB (20 decks)

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