L13

Question 1

situs solitus in terms of pattern of asymmetry means what

Answer 1

normal

Question 2

situs inversus in terms of asymmetry pattern means what

Answer 2

reversal of left/right axis

Question 3

right isomerism in terms of pattern of asymmetry means what

Answer 3

no spleenl

Question 4

left isomerism in terms of patterns of asymmetry means what

Answer 4

two spleens

Question 5

inversus viscerum means what

Answer 5

random placement of internal organs

Question 6

iv encodes for ______ protein: L/R ______

Answer 6

motor
dynein

Question 7

inv encodes for inversin, a component of the ________

Answer 7

cilia

Question 8

Lrd and Inv are component of the ______.

Answer 8

cilia

Question 9

cilia at the node direct _______ in a ______ manner

Answer 9

gene expression
directional

Question 10

the node is the equivalent of the __________ in Xenopus or the _______ in the chick

Answer 10

spemann organizer
hensen’s node

Question 11

cilia at the node generate and sense ______ and establish L/R________

Answer 11

fluid flow
asymmetry

Question 12

flow is _______

Answer 12

instructive

Question 13

cilia direct calciu to the ______ of the node

Answer 13

left side

Question 14

nodal is _________ expressed during mouse development

Answer 14

asymmetrically

Question 15

nodal signalling is asymmetric in the _______________

Answer 15

lateral plate mesoderm

Question 16

pitx2 expression is ________-dependent

Answer 16

nodal

Question 17

______ is a nodal antagonist

Answer 17

lefty

Question 18

vertebrates are externally _______ but their internal organs are ________ distributed

Answer 18

bi-lateral
asymmetrically

Question 19

in mice, the cilia at the node create a _____ flow, inducing _______ on the left side

Answer 19

leftward
nodal expression

Question 20

nodal induces the expression of ___ and ___ on the left side of the emrbyo

Answer 20

lefty
pitx2

Question 21

evolutionary conservation:
- gene _______ similar in dif organisms
- similar expression in _______ of genes
- similar ______ functions
- conserved _______ interactions of gene _____ mechanisms
- process encoded and regulated by ______ genes in ______ organisms

Answer 21

sequences
patterns
protein
protein-protein
regulatory
same
different

Question 22

in L/R asymmetry in echinoderms, the rudiment forms on the ____ side of the larva with/without nodal signalling and gives rise to ____ organs

Answer 22

left
without
adult

Question 23

downstream genes network is conserved with expression of ____ and ____ on the right side of the embryo

Answer 23

pitx2
lefty

Question 24

the right shell of snails is called ____

Answer 24

dextral

Question 25

the left shell of snails is called _____

Answer 25

sinistral

Question 26

L/R asymmetry in snails requires the transcription factor ______, and the signalling molecule _________

Answer 26

pitx (pituitary homeobox)
Shh (sonic hedgehog)