L13 Flashcards
situs solitus in terms of pattern of asymmetry means what
normal
situs inversus in terms of asymmetry pattern means what
reversal of left/right axis
right isomerism in terms of pattern of asymmetry means what
no spleenl
left isomerism in terms of patterns of asymmetry means what
two spleens
inversus viscerum means what
random placement of internal organs
iv encodes for ______ protein: L/R ______
motor
dynein
inv encodes for inversin, a component of the ________
cilia
Lrd and Inv are component of the ______.
cilia
cilia at the node direct _______ in a ______ manner
gene expression
directional
the node is the equivalent of the __________ in Xenopus or the _______ in the chick
spemann organizer
hensen’s node
cilia at the node generate and sense ______ and establish L/R________
fluid flow
asymmetry
flow is _______
instructive
cilia direct calciu to the ______ of the node
left side
nodal is _________ expressed during mouse development
asymmetrically
nodal signalling is asymmetric in the _______________
lateral plate mesoderm
pitx2 expression is ________-dependent
nodal
______ is a nodal antagonist
lefty
vertebrates are externally _______ but their internal organs are ________ distributed
bi-lateral
asymmetrically
in mice, the cilia at the node create a _____ flow, inducing _______ on the left side
leftward
nodal expression
nodal induces the expression of ___ and ___ on the left side of the emrbyo
lefty
pitx2
evolutionary conservation:
- gene _______ similar in dif organisms
- similar expression in _______ of genes
- similar ______ functions
- conserved _______ interactions of gene _____ mechanisms
- process encoded and regulated by ______ genes in ______ organisms
sequences
patterns
protein
protein-protein
regulatory
same
different
in L/R asymmetry in echinoderms, the rudiment forms on the ____ side of the larva with/without nodal signalling and gives rise to ____ organs
left
without
adult
downstream genes network is conserved with expression of ____ and ____ on the right side of the embryo
pitx2
lefty
the right shell of snails is called ____
dextral
the left shell of snails is called _____
sinistral
L/R asymmetry in snails requires the transcription factor ______, and the signalling molecule _________
pitx (pituitary homeobox)
Shh (sonic hedgehog)
