L12 Flashcards

1
Q

ectoderm has high _____, and ventral + mesoderm has high _____ and _____

A

BMP
BMP
wnt

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2
Q

gastrulation can be described as coordinated cell movements to _______ the blastula into a __________ structure

A

re-organize
trilaminar

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3
Q

gastrulation is initiated by the formation of __________

A

bottle cells

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4
Q

bottle cells form at the border of _______ and _______, and on the _____ side of the embryo

A

mesoderm
endoderm
dorsal

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5
Q

what are the four tissue movements during xenopus gastrulation?
______ of the superficial layer of the ectoderm
_______ of the deep layer of the ectoderm
________ rolling in of endoderm and mesoderm
_________ of the mesoderm (elongation of the AP axis)

A

epiboly
radial intercalation
involution
convergent extension

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6
Q

in involution of the mesoderm, the animal pole epithelium _________, and mesodermal cells migrate over _________. then, bottle cells help force ___________ of invaginating epithelium

A

expands
fibronectin
curvature

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7
Q

the fibronectin in involution is secreted by the cells from the _________ roof, and forms an ________ matrix. the mesodermic cells then express ________ that bind to FN

A

blastocoel
extracellular
integrins

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8
Q

the three steps in convergence-extension of the mesoderm are what

A

contraction of the cell + protrusion
pulling of the cell towards the midline
cell intercalation

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9
Q

the first cells to invaginate from the epiblast through the primitive streak displace the cells from the ______, and form the ___________

A

hypoblast
definitive endoderm

(so basically first cells to invaginate become the endoderm)

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10
Q

mesoderm cells ________ through primitive streak

A

ingress

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11
Q

how does one signal elicit different responses?

A

differential expression of intracellular regulators

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12
Q

_______ use of different signalling pathways also increase the response diversity

A

combinatorial

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