L10

Question 1

in xenopus oocytes, there is a membrane called ____ membrane that expands

Answer 1

whittling

Question 2

when whittling membrane expands, what happens?

Answer 2

it orientates oocyte according to gravity

Question 3

non pigmented pole vs pigmented pole which is heavier / lighter?

Answer 3

non pigmented pole = heavier than pigmented

Question 4

animal pole is ____

Answer 4

pigmented

Question 5

vegetal pole contains the ___

Answer 5

yolk

Question 6

the vegetal pole is mainly __

Answer 6

platelets

Question 7

how do you figure out where a gene is expressed?

Answer 7

in situ hybridization

Question 8

how do you figure out when a gene is expressed?

Answer 8

RT-PCR

Question 9

RNAs encoding for signalling molecules are _____ expressed and ____ localized

Answer 9

maternally
differentially

Question 10

xenopus oocyte is ____ symmetrical

Answer 10

radially

Question 11

xenopus oocyte possesses a polarity with asymmetric distribution of ____ and ____ along the _____ axis

Answer 11

organelles
RNA
animal-vegetal

Question 12

the cortical reaction

Answer 12

the sperm entry pint sets up the D/V axis with the dorsal side of the embryo opposite to sperm entry point

Question 13

dynesin goes to the ____ ends

Answer 13

negative

Question 14

kinesin ? goes to the ___ ends

Answer 14

positive

Question 15

there is _____ pigmentation on the opposite side of sperm entry point

Answer 15

less

Question 16

signalling centre opposite the sperm entry site:

Answer 16

the nieuwkoop centre

Question 17

the nieuwkoop centre is what

Answer 17

a region of the embryo that defines the dorsal side of the embryo and influences the development of surrounding cells

Question 18

the nieuwkoop centre contains what

Answer 18

organizing centre for dorsal structure

Question 19

cells from the ventral region are competent to form dorsal and anterior structure when instructed by nieuwkoop centre, true or false

Answer 19

true

Question 20

_____ signalling is an essential molecular activity defining the nieuwkoop centre

Answer 20

canonical wnt

Question 21

the ventral half of a split embryo develops into a ventralized embryo which develops into ________

Answer 21

endodermic tissues

Question 22

the dorsal half of a split embryo develops into a dorsalized embryo which develops into ___________

Answer 22

somites/notochord + anterior structures

Question 23

a signal from the Nieuwkoop centre must be required for developing ______ and _____ structures

Answer 23

dorsal

anterior

Question 24

UV light disrupts the _________ network, blocking the ______ rxn

Answer 24

microtubule

cortical

Question 25

UV light treatment results in a _______ of dorsal and anterior structures

Answer 25

decrease

Question 26

the cortical rxn is cause by the re-organization of the _____ cytoskeleton

Answer 26

subcortical

Question 27

the ___________ rxn leads to the formation of the Nieuwkoop centre at the opposite side of the sperm entry point

Answer 27

cortical

Question 28

_______ is stabilised and localizes in the nucleus on the dorsal side of the embryo

Answer 28

b-Catenin