L10 Flashcards
in xenopus oocytes, there is a membrane called ____ membrane that expands
whittling
when whittling membrane expands, what happens?
it orientates oocyte according to gravity
non pigmented pole vs pigmented pole which is heavier / lighter?
non pigmented pole = heavier than pigmented
animal pole is ____
pigmented
vegetal pole contains the ___
yolk
the vegetal pole is mainly __
platelets
how do you figure out where a gene is expressed?
in situ hybridization
how do you figure out when a gene is expressed?
RT-PCR
RNAs encoding for signalling molecules are _____ expressed and ____ localized
maternally
differentially
xenopus oocyte is ____ symmetrical
radially
xenopus oocyte possesses a polarity with asymmetric distribution of ____ and ____ along the _____ axis
organelles
RNA
animal-vegetal
the cortical reaction
the sperm entry pint sets up the D/V axis with the dorsal side of the embryo opposite to sperm entry point
dynesin goes to the ____ ends
negative
kinesin ? goes to the ___ ends
positive
there is _____ pigmentation on the opposite side of sperm entry point
less
signalling centre opposite the sperm entry site:
the nieuwkoop centre
the nieuwkoop centre is what
a region of the embryo that defines the dorsal side of the embryo and influences the development of surrounding cells
the nieuwkoop centre contains what
organizing centre for dorsal structure
cells from the ventral region are competent to form dorsal and anterior structure when instructed by nieuwkoop centre, true or false
true
_____ signalling is an essential molecular activity defining the nieuwkoop centre
canonical wnt
the ventral half of a split embryo develops into a ventralized embryo which develops into ________
endodermic tissues
the dorsal half of a split embryo develops into a dorsalized embryo which develops into ___________
somites/notochord + anterior structures
a signal from the Nieuwkoop centre must be required for developing ______ and _____ structures
dorsal
anterior
UV light disrupts the _________ network, blocking the ______ rxn
microtubule
cortical
UV light treatment results in a _______ of dorsal and anterior structures
decrease
the cortical rxn is cause by the re-organization of the _____ cytoskeleton
subcortical
the ___________ rxn leads to the formation of the Nieuwkoop centre at the opposite side of the sperm entry point
cortical
_______ is stabilised and localizes in the nucleus on the dorsal side of the embryo
b-Catenin
