Knee

Question 1

Look

Answer 1

**ask do GAIT whist standing

Patient Standing:
Varus and valgus knees
-Quadriceps and hamstrings muscle mass (Anterior and posterior)
-Posterior- hamstrings and Popliteal fossa (bakers cyst

-sag > indicates ACL PCL

Question 2

Feel

Answer 2

Temp
Tibial Tuberosty- below the patella
Patella tendon
-Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
-Popliteal fossa
-Bursa
-posterior sag- PCL tear

Question 3

Move

Answer 3

GAIT

Active and Passive:
Flexion- move heel to bottom
Extension- straighten leg

Straight leg raise

Question 4

Special Test

Answer 4

Cruciate Ligament Damage:
ACL Injury:
-Anterior drawer test- flexed knee 90 degrees, pull knee towards you (anteriorly)

PCL Injury:
-Posterior Drawer Test- flexed knee 90 degrees, sit on the foot and push tibia backwards with both hands (posteriorly)

Steinmann Test:
-Bent 90 degrees in and out
***MUST move the ankle not the knee (move knee for hip)

MCL AND LCL:
Hang foot off bed
hold onto to one side of knee and push knee one way then other

Effusion Test:
Medial gutter sweep from the inside
(superiorly and inferiorly)

**stroke each side one at a time
(start on medial side)

Patella tap”
-push fluid down from the top

Locked knee:
-lie at end of the bed > MEINSCAL or bucket handle tear

Lachmans Test
pull and push ACL

Question 5

How do you perform the patella tap test?

Answer 5

This tests for small or large joint effusion
-Use the left hand to sweep the upper border of the patella
-Use the right hand at same time and apply pressure to the patella to identify fluid.