Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Kingdoms and Ecology > Flashcards

Kingdoms and Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Domains

A

Archean, Bacteria, Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cladogram

A

a phylogenetic diagram that specifies unique features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Archaea

A

Ancient extremphiles with different cell wall and have histones like eukaryotes but prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacteria

A

unicellular, prokaryote, reproduce by binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukaryote

A

plants, animals, fungus, protista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bipedal

A

walk on two feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cerebrum

A

brain; larger in primate order. 370 cc vs 1300cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

primates

A

order; humans & apes in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

opposable thumb

A

able to fully grip and hold things….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hominid

A

genus;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Australopithecus

A

genus;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

H. habilis

A

2.2-1.5 mya; lived in Tanzania; brain 550cc or more; Richard Leakey discovered skeleton & found flake tools with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

H. erectus

A

hairless, more human-like, sweat glands, 1.6my-700000, found from Asia to Africa, 800cc brain, flake axe, fire pits(fire from environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neanderthals

A

130000-30000 years ago, Europe-Asia, 1400cc brain 5ft tall, “cavement” spears/flake tool, furs, war?, burried dead, took care of each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cocci

A

round shaped bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bacillus

A

rod shaped bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

spirilla

A

spiral shaped bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

binary fission

A

asexual reproduction that doesn’t use spindle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bacterial conjugation

A

pass plasmid through mating bridge (pili)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

antibiotic

A

bacteria has different cell wall and ribosomes so the antibiotic destroy those without destroying our cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

extremophile

A

loves extreme environments; halophile live in high salt concentrated areas like the Dead sea; thermophiles like hot climate such as hot springs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chemoautotroph

A

use chemicals like nitrites and H2S for energry ex. archaea in dark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

photoautotroph

A

use light like plants to make food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chemoheterotroph

A

get energy by eating organic food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
obligate anaerobe
dies when exposed to O2 (tetanus)
26
obligate aerobe
dies without O2
27
Protozoa
Animal like Protista; unicellular heterotrophs. Ex. Paramecium, amoeba, malaria Why we shouldn't drink water in foreign countries
28
Algae
Plant like Protista; make up to 70% of the O2 we breathe; important as food; commercially used (thickens makeup, etc)
29
Slime mold
Fungi like Protista; unicellular & multicellular stages; don't do photosynthesis eat & reproduce like mushrooms
30
Paramecium
Animal like Protista...
31
Amoeba
Animal like Protista
32
Fungus
``` Heterotrophic decomposers Structure: Mycelium- the long continuous thread of fungus cells; made of hyphae Reproduction: asexual spores Cell wall made of chitin ``` Uses: bread (yeast), diet (truffles, etc.), fungus (antibiotics, used to kill bacteria) Problems: ergot-grows on grain/destroys crops, rot crops, yeast & other infections, nail infections, athletes foot
33
Plantae
Cellulose cell wall, photosynthesis, sexual, multicellular
34
Xylem
Transports up the stem
35
Phloem
Transports down the stem
36
leaves
plants tkae in CO2 and H2O gas through their leaves
37
cuticle
waxy coating on leaves
38
pollen
plant sperm
39
pollinators
essential to plant fertilization; carries the pollen from one plant to another
40
stomata
gas exchange; hole in the leaf that takes in CO2->O2
41
roots
acts as an anchor, storage, and collects minerals & water
42
fruit
Ripened ovary of a flower. Helps with dissemination and protects & provides nutrients for the seed
43
carpel
Female reproductive organs of the flower
44
stamen
Male reproductive organ of a flower
45
anther
at the tip of the stamen; produces the pollen grains
46
ecology
the study of the interactions b/w life forms & there environment
47
biosphere
the region of earth where life exists
48
abiotic factors
nonliving features; ex. rainfall, soil, pH of soil, mineral supply
49
biotic factors
living factors; ex. plants, animals, etc.
50
biome
a specific region of earth identified by their climate and life forms
51
tropical rain forest
Climate: high temperature, heavy rainfall Vegetation: tall trees Animals: ocelot, frogs, sloth, toucan, iguana
52
savanna
Climate: tropical, high temperature, less rainfall than tropical rain forest Vegetation: grasslands, scattered trees animals: lion, zebra, rhino, giraffe, horn bird
53
desert
Climate: hot, dry Vegetation: cacti, succulents Animals: owl, fox, lizards, hare
54
grasslands
Climate: season droughts, occasional fires, less water and lower temperatures than savannas vegetation: grasses Animals: prairie dogs, wolves (red), bison, antelope
55
deciduous forest
Climate: warm summers, cold winters, moderate precipitation Vegetation: deciduous trees animals: bear, deer, squirrel, hedgehog, badger
56
coniferous forest (Taiga)
Climate: cold winters, heavy snowfall Vegetation: cone-bearing trees Animals: moose, bald eagle, bears
57
Tundra
Climate: very cold winters, Permafrost, high winds, little rainfall vegetation: grasses, sedges Animals: polar bear, arctic fox, reindeer, owl
58
Chaparral
Climate: temperate, fires Vegetation: Scrub forest Animals: coyote, mountain lion, squirrel, snakes
59
ecosystem
a given area's abiotic and biotic features
60
community
different populations of species living in the same area
61
succession
the changes in an environment following a disturbance | ex. fire, volcano
62
pioneer species
the 1st species that moves into a damaged or new area (lichen, grass)
63
niche
an organisms habitat and role in that habitat (its job)
64
habitat
an organism's specific environment, with characteristic abiotic and biotic factors
65
producer
Does photosynthesis (makes its own energy/food) ex. plant
66
consumer
gains energy by feeding on others primary eat producer secondary eats primary tertiary eats secondary, etc.
67
food chain
the pathway of food transfer from one trophic level, feeding level, to another
68
carnivore
meat eater
69
herbivore
plant eater
70
omnivore
eats both meat and plants
71
energy pyramid
emphasizes energy loss from each trophic level. on average only 10% is turned into biomass, while thee rest is lost as heat
72
10% rule
only about 10% of the energy in one trophic level is passed to the next level
73
trophic level
feeding level in an ecosystem
74
carbon cycle
Carbon found in air as CO2, producer takes in CO2 to form organic compounds during photosynthesis, the consumer eats the organic compound as food. When that organism dies the decomposer releases the CO2 they break down from that organism
75
water cycle
How the water moves through the ecosystem
76
transpiration
process when water vapor exits plant leaves through stomata (plant sweat)
77
evaporation
process of liquid water becoming a gas
78
condensation
process of water vapor cooling to form clouds
79
precipitation
process of water vapor condensing and falling to earth
80
greenhouse effect
accumulation of CO2 in the atomosphere that blankets the earth & traps in heat leading to climate change: glaciers melting, oceans rising, disease spread, increased fires, etc.
81
deforestation
for oil drilling, cattle ranching, mining, road construction leading to: loss of biodiversity, climate change
82
biological magnification
process when the concentration of toxins accumulate through the levels of a food chain ex. mercury from coal released into environment-washed into ocean pesticides silent spring written by rachel carson noticed that spring was quiter results: effect the top of the food chain. ex. weak eggs
83
acid rain
excessive sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide from exhausts; released from factories, cars. effects water cycle results: pH in lakes & streams, damage sensitive soils, accelerates the decay of building materials
84
ozone depletion
accumulation of chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) and freon results: eat holes in the ozone, causing the arctic to melt and Australia has a higher rate of skin cancer, weakened immune system and eye damage

Biology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions