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Biology > Kingdoms and Ecology > Flashcards

Kingdoms and Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Domains

A

Archean, Bacteria, Eukaryotes

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2
Q

Cladogram

A

a phylogenetic diagram that specifies unique features

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3
Q

Archaea

A

Ancient extremphiles with different cell wall and have histones like eukaryotes but prokaryotes

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4
Q

Bacteria

A

unicellular, prokaryote, reproduce by binary fission

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5
Q

Eukaryote

A

plants, animals, fungus, protista

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6
Q

bipedal

A

walk on two feet

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7
Q

cerebrum

A

brain; larger in primate order. 370 cc vs 1300cc

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8
Q

primates

A

order; humans & apes in

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9
Q

opposable thumb

A

able to fully grip and hold things….

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10
Q

hominid

A

genus;

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11
Q

Australopithecus

A

genus;

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12
Q

H. habilis

A

2.2-1.5 mya; lived in Tanzania; brain 550cc or more; Richard Leakey discovered skeleton & found flake tools with it

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13
Q

H. erectus

A

hairless, more human-like, sweat glands, 1.6my-700000, found from Asia to Africa, 800cc brain, flake axe, fire pits(fire from environment)

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14
Q

Neanderthals

A

130000-30000 years ago, Europe-Asia, 1400cc brain 5ft tall, “cavement” spears/flake tool, furs, war?, burried dead, took care of each other

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15
Q

cocci

A

round shaped bacteria

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16
Q

bacillus

A

rod shaped bacteria

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17
Q

spirilla

A

spiral shaped bacteria

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18
Q

binary fission

A

asexual reproduction that doesn’t use spindle fibers

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19
Q

bacterial conjugation

A

pass plasmid through mating bridge (pili)

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20
Q

antibiotic

A

bacteria has different cell wall and ribosomes so the antibiotic destroy those without destroying our cells

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21
Q

extremophile

A

loves extreme environments; halophile live in high salt concentrated areas like the Dead sea; thermophiles like hot climate such as hot springs

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22
Q

chemoautotroph

A

use chemicals like nitrites and H2S for energry ex. archaea in dark

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23
Q

photoautotroph

A

use light like plants to make food

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24
Q

chemoheterotroph

A

get energy by eating organic food

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25
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

dies when exposed to O2 (tetanus)

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26
Q

obligate aerobe

A

dies without O2

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27
Q

Protozoa

A

Animal like Protista; unicellular heterotrophs.
Ex. Paramecium, amoeba, malaria
Why we shouldn’t drink water in foreign countries

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28
Q

Algae

A

Plant like Protista; make up to 70% of the O2 we breathe; important as food; commercially used (thickens makeup, etc)

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29
Q

Slime mold

A

Fungi like Protista; unicellular & multicellular stages; don’t do photosynthesis eat & reproduce like mushrooms

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30
Q

Paramecium

A

Animal like Protista…

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31
Q

Amoeba

A

Animal like Protista

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32
Q

Fungus

A 
Heterotrophic decomposers
Structure: 
Mycelium- the long continuous thread of fungus cells; made of hyphae
Reproduction: asexual spores
Cell wall made of chitin

Uses: bread (yeast), diet (truffles, etc.), fungus (antibiotics, used to kill bacteria)
Problems: ergot-grows on grain/destroys crops, rot crops, yeast & other infections, nail infections, athletes foot

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33
Q

Plantae

A

Cellulose cell wall, photosynthesis, sexual, multicellular

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34
Q

Xylem

A

Transports up the stem

35
Q

Phloem

A

Transports down the stem

36
Q

leaves

A

plants tkae in CO2 and H2O gas through their leaves

37
Q

cuticle

A

waxy coating on leaves

38
Q

pollen

A

plant sperm

39
Q

pollinators

A

essential to plant fertilization; carries the pollen from one plant to another

40
Q

stomata

A

gas exchange; hole in the leaf that takes in CO2->O2

41
Q

roots

A

acts as an anchor, storage, and collects minerals & water

42
Q

fruit

A

Ripened ovary of a flower. Helps with dissemination and protects & provides nutrients for the seed

43
Q

carpel

A

Female reproductive organs of the flower

44
Q

stamen

A

Male reproductive organ of a flower

45
Q

anther

A

at the tip of the stamen; produces the pollen grains

46
Q

ecology

A

the study of the interactions b/w life forms & there environment

47
Q

biosphere

A

the region of earth where life exists

48
Q

abiotic factors

A

nonliving features; ex. rainfall, soil, pH of soil, mineral supply

49
Q

biotic factors

A

living factors; ex. plants, animals, etc.

50
Q

biome

A

a specific region of earth identified by their climate and life forms

51
Q

tropical rain forest

A

Climate: high temperature, heavy rainfall
Vegetation: tall trees
Animals: ocelot, frogs, sloth, toucan, iguana

52
Q

savanna

A

Climate: tropical, high temperature, less rainfall than tropical rain forest
Vegetation: grasslands, scattered trees
animals: lion, zebra, rhino, giraffe, horn bird

53
Q

desert

A

Climate: hot, dry
Vegetation: cacti, succulents
Animals: owl, fox, lizards, hare

54
Q

grasslands

A

Climate: season droughts, occasional fires, less water and lower temperatures than savannas
vegetation: grasses
Animals: prairie dogs, wolves (red), bison, antelope

55
Q

deciduous forest

A

Climate: warm summers, cold winters, moderate precipitation
Vegetation: deciduous trees
animals: bear, deer, squirrel, hedgehog, badger

56
Q

coniferous forest (Taiga)

A

Climate: cold winters, heavy snowfall
Vegetation: cone-bearing trees
Animals: moose, bald eagle, bears

57
Q

Tundra

A

Climate: very cold winters, Permafrost, high winds, little rainfall
vegetation: grasses, sedges
Animals: polar bear, arctic fox, reindeer, owl

58
Q

Chaparral

A

Climate: temperate, fires
Vegetation: Scrub forest
Animals: coyote, mountain lion, squirrel, snakes

59
Q

ecosystem

A

a given area’s abiotic and biotic features

60
Q

community

A

different populations of species living in the same area

61
Q

succession

A

the changes in an environment following a disturbance

ex. fire, volcano

62
Q

pioneer species

A

the 1st species that moves into a damaged or new area (lichen, grass)

63
Q

niche

A

an organisms habitat and role in that habitat (its job)

64
Q

habitat

A

an organism’s specific environment, with characteristic abiotic and biotic factors

65
Q

producer

A

Does photosynthesis (makes its own energy/food) ex. plant

66
Q

consumer

A

gains energy by feeding on others
primary eat producer
secondary eats primary
tertiary eats secondary, etc.

67
Q

food chain

A

the pathway of food transfer from one trophic level, feeding level, to another

68
Q

carnivore

A

meat eater

69
Q

herbivore

A

plant eater

70
Q

omnivore

A

eats both meat and plants

71
Q

energy pyramid

A

emphasizes energy loss from each trophic level. on average only 10% is turned into biomass, while thee rest is lost as heat

72
Q

10% rule

A

only about 10% of the energy in one trophic level is passed to the next level

73
Q

trophic level

A

feeding level in an ecosystem

74
Q

carbon cycle

A

Carbon found in air as CO2, producer takes in CO2 to form organic compounds during photosynthesis, the consumer eats the organic compound as food. When that organism dies the decomposer releases the CO2 they break down from that organism

75
Q

water cycle

A

How the water moves through the ecosystem

76
Q

transpiration

A

process when water vapor exits plant leaves through stomata (plant sweat)

77
Q

evaporation

A

process of liquid water becoming a gas

78
Q

condensation

A

process of water vapor cooling to form clouds

79
Q

precipitation

A

process of water vapor condensing and falling to earth

80
Q

greenhouse effect

A

accumulation of CO2 in the atomosphere that blankets the earth & traps in heat
leading to climate change: glaciers melting, oceans rising, disease spread, increased fires, etc.

81
Q

deforestation

A

for oil drilling, cattle ranching, mining, road construction

leading to: loss of biodiversity, climate change

82
Q

biological magnification

A

process when the concentration of toxins accumulate through the levels of a food chain
ex. mercury from coal released into environment-washed into ocean
pesticides

silent spring written by rachel carson noticed that spring was quiter

results: effect the top of the food chain. ex. weak eggs

83
Q

acid rain

A

excessive sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide from exhausts; released from factories, cars.
effects water cycle

results: pH in lakes & streams, damage sensitive soils, accelerates the decay of building materials

84
Q

ozone depletion

A

accumulation of chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) and freon

results: eat holes in the ozone, causing the arctic to melt and Australia has a higher rate of skin cancer, weakened immune system and eye damage

Biology (18 decks)

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