BioChem Exam Flashcards
Saturated fatty acid
A fat in which all 3 fatty acid chains contain the maximum # of hydrogen atoms; solid at room temperature
Solution
A uniform mixture where one substance dissolves into another
Unsaturated fatty acid
Contains less than maximum # of hydrogen atoms in 1 or more of its fatty acid chains; liquid at room temp.
Covalent bond
Formed when 2 atoms share valence electrons
Ionic bond
Bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another resulting in opposite ions, that chemically attract
Concentration
The amount of solute(more) to solvent
Saturated
So much solute can’t dissolve (concentrated)
Inorganic
Non carbon containing
Molecular structure
Shows how a molecules atoms are arranged
Macromolecule
Large organic biological polymers
Disaccharide
When 2 sugars are tied together
Polysaccharide
Long chains of sugar monomers
Lactose
glu + gala
Milk sugar
Sucrose
Double sugar, glucose + fructose
Cellulose
A building polymer
Stiffens plant & protects cells
Glycogen
Large sugar storage unit in animals
Structure: branches chains of glucose
Chitin
Structure: long chain of glucose with nitrogen parts
Function: structural- used to build
Ex. Bug exoskeletons
Triglyceride
A compound consisting of 3 fatty acids
Store energy in animals (in blood)
Sterol
Type of fat
Structure: 4 rings fused of C & H
Chemical message: hormones / part of cell membranes (barriers)
Glycerol
Guiding
Cholesterol
An essential molecule found in the membranes that surround your cells; the starting point from which your body produces steroids
Peptide bond
A covalent bond that is formed between 2 molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of another, releasing a water molecule
CO-NH
Amino acid
The monomer of a protein
Globular/fiberous shapes
Furor
Active site
The pocket in enzyme where the substrate fits
Substrate
The reactants the enzyme works on
Polypeptide
Protein polymers
R (variable) region
Responsible for the particular chemical properties of each amino acid
Catalyst
A compound that speeds up chemical reactions
Enzyme
A catalyst that lowers the energy requirement barrier so that the reaction can proceed at normal cell temperatures.
