Biochem Intro quiz Flashcards
Solute
The part of a solution that dissolves (is in the smaller amount)
Mixture
2 or more substances that aren’t chemically combined
Solvent
The part of a solution that does the dissolving
Aqueous
Solution made with water
Dilute
So much solvent/watery, less solute
Polar
A molecule where electrons are unequally shared resulting in charged ends.
Acid
A substance that releases H+ when dissolved in water
Base
A substance that releases OH- when dissolved in water
Hydrogen ion
A positive hydrogen atom
Hydroxide ion
OH-
pH scale
Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)
Neutralization
A process when an acid and a base are mixed, resulting in water
Buffer
Substance that cause a solution to resist changes in pH
Organic compund
Carbon containing compund
Valence
An atoms bonding ability (how many bonds it will form)
HONC
Hydrogen (1) Oxygen (2) Nitrogen (3)
Carbon (4)
Carboxyl group
Functional group- COOH
Amino groups
Functional group-NH2
Hydrophobic
Water-avoiding molecules “water-fearing”
Monomer
A small compound that can be joined with other small compunds
Polymer
A long chain of repeating smaller units (monomers)
Dehydration reaction (synthesis)
Process where monomers bond to form a polymer and release water
Hydrolysis
A process of breaking a polymer into monomers that require the input of water.
Isomer
Compounds with the same formula but different structure
Biomolecule
A molecule produced by a living organism,including macromolecules( proteins, lipids)
Carbohydrates
Organic compound made up of sugar molecules.
Ratio: 1: carbon 2: hydrogen 1: oxygen
Lipids
water-avoiding compounds, fat
Protein
A polymer constructed from a set of just 20 kinds of monomers called amino acids
Monosaccharides
Simple sugar
Glucose
Sugar
Fructose
Sugar (sweeter)
Functional groups
A group of specific molecules that when attached to a organic compund provide new properties
