Exam #2 Flashcards
Nuclear Pores
Located in nucleus, through which the substances can move from cytoplasm to nucleus
Cell Respiration
Process of mitochondria turning sugars into ATP (cell energy)
Photosynthesis
the process of trapping light and converting it to chemical energy (glucose)
Cilia & Flagella(um)
attached to outside of SOME cells and enable some cells to move (unicellular)
Flagella: long, thing, few
Cilia: shorter, more abundant
Cell Wall
Located outside of plant cell, provides protection, support/shape, and turgor pressur (with the vacuole)
a. primary wall: Cellulose
b. secondary wall:woody trunks only
c. middle lamella(glue)
Fluid mosaic model
Fluid: all materials in membrane are moving, if they stop it isn’t functioning properly
Mosaic: made up of many things
Phospholipid bilayer
Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Tail is made of fatty acids “lipid
When surrounded by water (form a bilayer) the heads attract the water & the tails are shielded from the water & form a hydrophobic region in the middle of the bilayer
Selectively permeable cell membrane
allows some substances to cross the membrane more easily than others & blocks the passage of some substances all together
transport protein
integral(essential) protein that allow materials to pass through the membranes
diffusion
the tendency for molecules to spread out into available space
equilibrium
the state when the concentration of a molecule is the same through its environment
a.molecules don’t stop moving
active transport
when a cell expends energy to move molecules across a membrane
endocytosis
the process of taking in materials like food
exocytosis
materials inside the cell are released outside the cell
Facilitated diffusion
The movement of a molecule through a membrane protein from high to low concentration
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Passive transport
Transport of materials in or out of cell that does not require cell energy
Integral protein
Globular protein
Embedded in both layers: used as in/out
Peripheral protein
Float on 1 edge: used as anchor sites
Cholesterol
Embedded with fats
Used to help keep membrane fluid-like/liquid
Helps hold together
Carbohydrate chains
Attached on outside
Used as identification (blood types)
