DNA technology quiz Flashcards
Restriction Enzymes
enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences
sources: found in bacteria in the wild
Sticky Ends
staggered single-stranded end piece extending from cut DNA
recombinant DNA
DNA formed by joining pieces from different sources
Chromatography
way of separating molecules
ex. dye on filter paper
gel electrophoresis
technique which uses electrical current to separate molecules
agarose
what the gel is made of
DNA Fingerprinting
using electrophoresis and enzymes to identify aspects of DNA
probe
single stranded radioactively labeled nucleic acid segments
used to identify “gene of interest”
PCR
polymerase chain reaction a method for copying large quantities of a particular piece of DNA 3 step cycle: heating-unzips cooling-add primer replication of DNA
Human Genome Project
international project to find all gene codes in a human
James Watson
first head of HGP
Francis Collins
final head of HGP
Craig Venter
First to sequence a human genome
his company CELERA invented a machine that reads the gene more efficiently
Gene Sequencing
using gel electrophoresis to find the gene code
Genetic engineering
the alteration of DNA through uses of enzymes and vectors
gene insertion
process where DNA from a foreign source is inserted into another organism
Vector
a substance used to insert a gene into a new cell (gene carriers)
plasmid
circular DNA in bacteria
only use if inserting a gene into bacteria and some plants
liposome
balls of lipids
virus
naturally insert their DNA when they infect their host
GMO
genetically modified organism
transgenic
an organism containing a foreign gene, also called GMO
