Kingdom Fungi Flashcards
hardened mass of mycelium that generally serves as an overwintering stage.
sclerotium
Fungi is
Unicellular
tube-like strands
Hypha or hyphae
tube-like strands called hypha
Filmentous
Aggregate of hyphae
Mycelium
Mycelial cords, rhizomorphs, and fruit bodies (mushrooms)
Multicellular
“Other food”
Heterotrophic
Feed on dead tissues or organic waste (decomposers)
Saprophytic
Mutually beneficial relationship between a fungus and another organism
Symbiotic
Feeding on living tissue of a host
Parasitic
Parasites that cause disease are called
Pathogens
Fungi can get carbon from
Organic sources
Hyphal tips release
Enzymes
The nucleus does what
Directs
Tubular, hard walk of chitin, multinucleate, grow at tips
Hyphae
Hyphae grow from their
Tips
Extensive, feeding web of hyphae
Mycelium
Ecologically active bodies of fungi
Mycelia
“Fungus roots”
Mycorrhizae
Nutrients for plants
Fungus
Carbohydrate for fungus
Plants
Type of a Mycorrhizae uses hyphae to invade root cells
Zygomycota
This type of Mycorrhizae uses hyphae invade root but doesn’t penetrate the cells
Ascomycota &Basidimycota
What is an extremely important ecological role of fungi
Mycorrhizae
The three main types of Lichens are
Crustose lichens
Foliose lichens
Fruticose lichens
Forms flat crusty plates
Crustose lichens
Leafy in appearance, although loved or branched structures are not true leafs
Foliose lichens
Finely branches and may hang down like beards from branches or grow up from the ground like tiny shrubs
Fruticose lichens
Natures biological monitors of pollution and air quality
Lichens
Acts like a sponge, absorbs water from the atmosphere, acts as a bioindicator for pollution
Lichens
Asexual (product of mitosis) or sexual (product or meiosis) in orgin
Spores
Product of mitosis
Asexual
Product of meiosis
Sexual
Allows the fungus to move to new food source
Spores
Resistant stage- allows fungus to survive periods of adversity
Spores
Means of introducing new genetic combinations into a population
Spores
Spores are
Reproductive cells (sexual and asexual)
Spores are formed directly on
Hyphae
Spores are reproductive cells formed directly on hyphae inside ___ and fruiting bodies
Sporangia
Mycelia have a huge
Surface area
Composed of cellulose and/or chitin
Cell wall present
Food storage is generally in the form of ____ and ____
Lipids and glycogen
True nucleus and other organelles present
Eukaryotes
All fungi require
Water and oxygen
Fungi can ____ as long as it’s not too extreme
Grow everywhere
Diverse group, number of __ is 90,000 or so but it is believe that there are probably more than 1.5 million
Describe species
Simple fungi, produce motile spores, mostly saprophites and parasites in aquatic habitats
Chytrids
Or
Chytridiomycota
Produces motile spores - zoospores
Chytrids
Mostly saprophytic and parasites in aquatic habitats
Chytrids
Asexual reprod - common (sporangia - bags of asexual spores)
Zygomycota “zygote fungi”
Hyphae have no
Cross walls (Multinucleate)
Grows rapidly
Zygomycota
Decomposers, pathogens, and some form mycorrhizal associations with plants
Zygomycota
Asexual reproduction- common
Ascomycota “sac fungi”
Important plant parasites and saprobes
Ascomycota “sac fungi”
An example of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is
Yeast
Decomposers, pathogens, and found in most lichens
Ascomycota
Asexual reproduction- not so common
Basidiomycota “club fungi”
Basidiomycota are long lived ___ mycelia
Dikaryotic
Enzymes decompose wood, leaves, and other organic materials
Basidiomycota
Mycelium and fruiting body are
Dikaryotic
The only diploid cells
Young basidia
Single called fungi
Yeast
Adapted to liquids, plant saps, water films, moist animal tissues
Yeast
Rapidly grow and asexual spores
Molds
many human importance’s such as food spoilage, food products, antibiotics
Molds
Fungi have cell walls that have cellulose and unique polysaccharide components to them
Chitin
