Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 2 > Chapter 15 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Earth was formed about ____ years ago

A

4.6 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Having cells that lack true nuclei

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prokaryotes evolved by about

A

3.5 billion years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotes began oxygen production about 2.7 billion years ago as a result of ______ by _____ prokaryotes

A

Photosynthesis ; autotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Composed of one or more cells that contain nuclei anf many other membrane bound organelles absent in prokaryotic cells

A

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eukaryotes first evolved from the

A

Prokaryotic community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A host cell containing even smaller prokaryotes

A

Prokaryotic community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Descendants of smaller prokaryotes

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are descendants of smaller prokaryotes of plants and algae

A

Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Multicellular eukaryotes first evolved at least

A

1.2 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

About 540 million years ago, resulted in the evolution of all major animal body plans and all major groups

A

Cambrian explosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

About ____ years ago plants, fungi, and insects began to colonize the land

A

500 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ years ago, flowering plants, birds, and even mammals, including primates, began to dominate the landscape and this is when

A

65 million years ago and this is when dinosaurs went extinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The origin of humans occurred

A

195,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The earth of 4 billion years was still a

A

Violent turmoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Volcanic eruptions belched gases into the atmosphere such as

A

Carbon dioxide

Methane

Ammonia

Other nitrogen compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Life comes from the interaction of

A

Chemicals and molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

To learn how life originated from non living substances, biologists draw on research from the fields of

A

Chemistry

Geology

Physics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The structures and functions of life depend on more complex organic molecules such as

A

Sugars

Fatty acid

Amino acid

Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

I’m 1953, ____ devised an apparatus to stimulate conditions thought to prevail on early earth

A

Stanley Miller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Prokaryotes are

A

Unicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Scientists are testing other hypothesis for the organic molecules on earth including the hypothesis that life may have begun in

A

Submerged volcanoes or deep sea hydrothermal vents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Scientists are testing other hypothesis for the organic molecules on earth including the hypothesis that life may have begun in

A

Meteorites were the sources of Earth’s first organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The community of microorganisms that live in our bodies which help to supply vitamins, extract nutrition from food, decompose dead skin cells, guard against disease causing intruders

A

Microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Prokaryotes also form our
Microbiota
26
Help decompose dead organisms and other waste materials returning vital chemical elemental such as nitrogen to the environment
Prokaryotes
27
Lack a membrane enclose nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
28
Lack other membrane enclose organelles
Prokaryotic
29
Typically have cell walls exterior to their plasma membranes and display range of diversity
Prokaryotic
30
Three most common shapes of prokaryotes
Cocci Bacilli Spiral
31
In many natural environments, prokaryotes attach to surfaces in a highly organized colony
Biofilm
32
May consist of one or several species of prokaryotes
Biofilm
33
May include protists and fungi
Biofilm
34
Can show a division of labor and defense against invaders
Biofilm
35
Prokaryotics can form on almost any type of surface including
Rocks Metal Plastic Organic material including teeth
36
Many prokaryotes can reproduce by dividing in half by
Binary fission
37
Many prokaryotes can reproduce at ____ if conditions are favorable
At very high rates
38
Environments are usually limiting in resources such as
Food and space
39
Also produce metabolic waste products that may eventually pollute the colony’s environment
Prokaryotes
40
The metabolic talents of prokaryotes make them excellent symbolic partners with
Animals Plants Fungi
41
a close association between organisms of 2 or more species
Symbiosis
42
“Living together”
Symbiosis
43
Prokaryotes can also promote the breakdown of
Organic waste and dead organisms
44
The use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air, or soil
Bioremediation
45
The use of prokaryotic decomposers to treat our sewage
Bioremediation
46
Has become an important tool for cleaning up toxic chemicals released into the soil and water by industrial processes
Bioremediation
47
Naturally occurring prokaryotes capable of degrading pollutants such as
Oil Solvents Pesticides
48
Naturally occurring prokaryotes capable of degrading pollutants such as oil, solvents, and pesticides are often present in
Contaminated soil
49
By comparing diverse prokaryotes at the molecular level, biologists have identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution called
Bacteria and archaea
50
Life is organized into three domains
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
51
Abundant in many habitats including places where few other organisms can survive
Archaea
52
One group of archaea live in very hot water
Thermophiles
53
One group of archaea thrives in such environments such as Utah’s Great Salt Lake Dead Sea Seawater evaporating ponds used to produce salt
Halophiles
54
“Salt lovers”
Halophiles
55
One group of archaea live in anaerobic (oxygen free) environments and give off methane as a waste product
Methanogens
56
Abundant in the mud at the bottom of lakes and swamps
Methanogens
57
Many municipalities collect this methane and use it as a source of energy
Methanogens
58
Great numbers of methanogens also inhabit the digestive tracts of animals
Methanogens
59
Bacteria and other organisms that cause disease
Pathogens
60
Most pathogenic bacteria cause disease by producing
Poison
61
Proteins that bacterial cells secrete into their environment
Exotoxins
62
Exotoxins are proteins that bacterial cells ___ into their environment
Secrete
63
Chemical components of the outer membrane of certain bacteria
Endotoxins
64
Generally the most effective way to prevent bacterial disease
Sanitation
65
Researchers speculate that in some aspects of food processing might be involved in our
Intestinal microbes
66
___ of an obese person would increase the amount of body fat in mice
Intestinal microbiota
67
The fossil record indicated that the first eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes around
2 billion years ago
68
These primal eukaryotes were ancestral to all other eukaryotes
Plants Fungi Animals
69
A common inhabitants of pond water can change its mode of nutrition, depending on availability of light and nutrients
Euglena
70
This protists is capable of photosynthesis and heterotrophy
Mixtrophs
71
Protists that live primarily by ingesting food
Protozoans
72
Protozoans with flagella
Flagellates
73
Typically living nonparasitic but some are nasty parasites such as Giardia, a common westborne parasite that causes severe diaherria
Protozoans with flagellates
74
Great flexibility in their body shape
Amoebas
75
The absence of permanent organelles for locomotion
Amoebas
76
Most species move and feed by means of ____, temporary extensions of the cell
Pseudopodia
77
Other Protozoans with pseudopodia include ___, which have shells
Forams
78
Provide movement of the protist and sweep food into the protist’s mouth
Ciliates (cilia) hair like
79
Mostly freelivinh (nonparasitic) such as the freshwater ciliate
Paramecium
80
Includes heterotrophs and mixtrophs
Paramecium
81
Named for their grass green chloroplasts
Green algae
82
A hollow ball of flagellated cells that are very similar to certain unicellular green algae
Volvox

Biology 2 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions