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Biology 2 > Chapter 22 Exam 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The digestive sac of jellyfish has ___ opening(s)

A

1

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2
Q

A tube shaped digestive compartment that has two openings and through which food moves in one direction

A

Digestive tube

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3
Q

Spiders are

A

Carnivores

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4
Q

Breakdown of food into smaller nutrient molecules that the body can absorb

A

Digestion

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5
Q

Example of mechanical digestion

A

Chewing

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6
Q

List of the organs in the alimentary canal in the correct order

A

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

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7
Q

Muscular contraction moves food through the alimentary canal by process called

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

A food ball moves through the esophagus

A

Peristalsis

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9
Q

Stomach gastric juice consist of

A

Mucus

Digestive enzymes

Hydrochloric avid

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10
Q

When contacted ___ prevents movement of chyme from stomach to the small intestine

A

Sphincter

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11
Q

This mechanism helps prevent gastric juices from digesting the stomach lining

A

Mucus coating the inside surface of the stomach

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12
Q

When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from erosion by gastric juice the result is

A

A gastric ulcer

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13
Q

Bile from the liver is stored in the ____ before entering the intestine

A

Gallbladder

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14
Q

This nutrient begins to undergo chemical digestion in the mouth

A

Starch

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15
Q

The epithelial cells lining the intestine have surface projections that are the major sites of nutrient absorption

A

Microvilli

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16
Q

Together with the small intestine the ____ absorbs water

A

Colon

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17
Q

Make fats more easily digested by enzymes

A

Bile

18
Q

Difficulty swallowing could mean

A

Sjogren’s Syndrome

19
Q

A protein deficiency in the blood could mean

A

Achlorhydria

20
Q

Regurgitation of food indicates

A

Megaesophagus

21
Q

The main function of salivary amylase is to

A

Break down starch

22
Q

Digestion begins at

A

Oral cavity

23
Q

Tongue does all the following EXCEPT

Shape food into a ball

Push food into the pharynx

Taste food

Secrete saliva

A

Secrets saliva

24
Q

A flap that folds down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

25
Q

Esophagus and trachea are both open to

A

Pharynx

26
Q

Backflow of chyme from the stomach into the esophagus

A

Heartburn

27
Q

The stomach mixes food with the secretions of the stomach wall to form

A

Chyme

28
Q

How does helicobacter pylori cause gastric ulcers in humans

A

Damages the stomach’s mucus coat

29
Q

Most nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the digestive system?

A

The several meters of the small intestine that come after the duodenum

30
Q

It produces digestive enzymes and neutralizes the stomach acid

A

Pancreas

31
Q

Someone with liver failure will, in particular have problems with digestion and absorption of

A

Fats

32
Q

Altogether the body secretes about 7 liters of water into the alimentary canal each day. About what percentage of this water gets reabsorbed?

A

90%

33
Q

Which structure stores feces until they can be eliminated

A

Rectum

34
Q

Most humans need about ____ kcal per day

A

1,300-1,800

35
Q

Which mineral is needed for the proper functioning of nerves, muscles, and bones?

A

Calcium

36
Q

What do vitamins biotin and vitamin k have in common?

A

They are both produced by intestinal bacteria

37
Q

The direct source of energy for cells

A

ATP

38
Q

Organic molecules that are required in the diet in very small amounts

A

Vitamins

39
Q

Certain amino acids are essential because they

A

Cannot be made by the body from other compounds

40
Q

On a global scale, the most significant type of malnutrition is

A

Protein deficiency

41
Q

Most humans posses the same craving for ___ and ____ as our ancestors despite the obesity these cravings can cause today

A

Fat ; sugar

Biology 2 (17 decks)

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