Chapter 22 Exam 3 Flashcards
The digestive sac of jellyfish has ___ opening(s)
1
A tube shaped digestive compartment that has two openings and through which food moves in one direction
Digestive tube
Spiders are
Carnivores
Breakdown of food into smaller nutrient molecules that the body can absorb
Digestion
Example of mechanical digestion
Chewing
List of the organs in the alimentary canal in the correct order
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Muscular contraction moves food through the alimentary canal by process called
Peristalsis
A food ball moves through the esophagus
Peristalsis
Stomach gastric juice consist of
Mucus
Digestive enzymes
Hydrochloric avid
When contacted ___ prevents movement of chyme from stomach to the small intestine
Sphincter
This mechanism helps prevent gastric juices from digesting the stomach lining
Mucus coating the inside surface of the stomach
When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from erosion by gastric juice the result is
A gastric ulcer
Bile from the liver is stored in the ____ before entering the intestine
Gallbladder
This nutrient begins to undergo chemical digestion in the mouth
Starch
The epithelial cells lining the intestine have surface projections that are the major sites of nutrient absorption
Microvilli
Together with the small intestine the ____ absorbs water
Colon
Make fats more easily digested by enzymes
Bile
Difficulty swallowing could mean
Sjogren’s Syndrome
A protein deficiency in the blood could mean
Achlorhydria
Regurgitation of food indicates
Megaesophagus
The main function of salivary amylase is to
Break down starch
Digestion begins at
Oral cavity
Tongue does all the following EXCEPT
Shape food into a ball
Push food into the pharynx
Taste food
Secrete saliva
Secrets saliva
A flap that folds down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing
Epiglottis
Esophagus and trachea are both open to
Pharynx
Backflow of chyme from the stomach into the esophagus
Heartburn
The stomach mixes food with the secretions of the stomach wall to form
Chyme
How does helicobacter pylori cause gastric ulcers in humans
Damages the stomach’s mucus coat
Most nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the digestive system?
The several meters of the small intestine that come after the duodenum
It produces digestive enzymes and neutralizes the stomach acid
Pancreas
Someone with liver failure will, in particular have problems with digestion and absorption of
Fats
Altogether the body secretes about 7 liters of water into the alimentary canal each day. About what percentage of this water gets reabsorbed?
90%
Which structure stores feces until they can be eliminated
Rectum
Most humans need about ____ kcal per day
1,300-1,800
Which mineral is needed for the proper functioning of nerves, muscles, and bones?
Calcium
What do vitamins biotin and vitamin k have in common?
They are both produced by intestinal bacteria
The direct source of energy for cells
ATP
Organic molecules that are required in the diet in very small amounts
Vitamins
Certain amino acids are essential because they
Cannot be made by the body from other compounds
On a global scale, the most significant type of malnutrition is
Protein deficiency
Most humans posses the same craving for ___ and ____ as our ancestors despite the obesity these cravings can cause today
Fat ; sugar
