Chapter 27 Flashcards
The cells that carry electric signals from one part of the body to another in the nervous system
Neurons
What neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory neuron and motor neuron
Outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1, which cell protects, insulates, and reinforces neurons?
Supporting cells
The movement of an action potential along a neuron is most like
A crowd at a sporting event doing the wave around a stadium
A neuron can relay a more intense signal by
sending more action potentials in a given amount of time
What neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, attention, and learning?
Serotonin
Which of the following is(are) part of the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
Which of the following effects could result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system?
Secretion of epinephrine
You start to trip, but you keep your balance and don’t fall. Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you from falling?
Cerebellum
Regulates body temp, blood pressure, and hunger
Hypothalamus
The cerebral cortex is highly folded. Why might this be an advantage for the functions of the cerebrum?
The increased surface area increases the area for higher level thinking
What evolutionary adaptation allows elephants to migrate, meet, and mate over great distances?
Seismic detection
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
Central nervous system CNS
peripheral nervous system PNS
The analysis and interpretation of sensory signals and the formulation of appropriate responses
In the nervous system, integration
Carry incoming messages toward the cell body of a neuron?
Dendrites
The minimum change in a membranes voltage that must occur to trigger an action potential is called the
Threshold
What causes the inside of a membrane to become positively charged during an action potential
Positively charged ions rush IN
In a chemical synapse, what is the name of the gap between the sending and receiving cells?
Synaptic cleft
Where would we expect to find electrical synapses?
within the heart
What part of the nervous system cushions the CNS and helps supply it with nutrients and hormones, and carries away wastes?
Cerebrospinal fluid
Which, if any, of the following types of personal characteristics are based in the cerebral cortex?
Reasoning abilities
Artistic talents
Personality traits
In a species, what is required for a new sensory adaptation to evolve by natural selection?
Individuals that possessed this trait produces more offspring than those that did not possess the trait
Multiple sclerosis involves primarily
Destruction of the myelin sheath
Which of the following was supported by the terrible accident that happened to Phineas Gage
The frontal lobes are associated with personality
Some adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have abnormally low activity of the neurotransmitter involves in pleasure, attention, memory, sleep, movement, and learning, which increases their risk of drug abuse. Which drug are they most likely to abuse?
Cocaine
Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation of receptors?
Ignoring the shoes on your feet
In contrast to action potentials, receptor potentials
Vary in intensity
Standing out in center field, the baseball player watches the hitter’s bat strike the ball and then, slightly later, hears the sound of the impact. What type of sensory receptors did the player just use?
Photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors detect
Temperature
Membrane potential produced in the receptor cell by sensory transduction
Receptor potential
There are three different types of cones in the human eye
TRUE TRUE TRUUUUUEEE
A person whose eyeball is shorter than normal suffers from
Farsightedness
The organ of Corti is in the
Inner ear
When you hear, the ___ vibrates
Eardrum, hammer, and stirrup
If you lay your forearm along the table, you can rotate it so that your hand changes from palm down to palm up position. This is possible because your radius and ulna join at a ___ joint
Pivot
What best helps a broken bone heal?
Returning the broken bone parts back to their natural shape and then immobilizing the bone
Muscles are connected to bones by
Tendons
Functionally, what is the muscle fibers fundamental until of contraction
Sarcomere
Which part of the bone contains stored fat ?
Yellow bone marrow
A thick filament is made up of
Myosin
According to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, a sarcomere contracts when it’s
Thin and thick filaments slide past eachother to get closer together
Would you expect motor units to vary in size? If so, which of these structures would probably have the largest ones?
Yes ; a motor unit in the thigh to control leg movements would be the largest one
A baseball player leaping for a baseball and cricket jumping away from a frog are both using
Sensory receptors
Central nervous system
Muscle system
