Chapter 27

Question 1

The cells that carry electric signals from one part of the body to another in the nervous system

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

What neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Sensory neuron and motor neuron

Question 3

Outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1, which cell protects, insulates, and reinforces neurons?

Answer 3

Supporting cells

Question 4

The movement of an action potential along a neuron is most like

Answer 4

A crowd at a sporting event doing the wave around a stadium

Question 5

A neuron can relay a more intense signal by

Answer 5

sending more action potentials in a given amount of time

Question 6

What neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, attention, and learning?

Answer 6

Serotonin

Question 7

Which of the following is(are) part of the central nervous system?

Answer 7

Brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Which of the following effects could result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 8

Secretion of epinephrine

Question 9

You start to trip, but you keep your balance and don’t fall. Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you from falling?

Answer 9

Cerebellum

Question 10

Regulates body temp, blood pressure, and hunger

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

The cerebral cortex is highly folded. Why might this be an advantage for the functions of the cerebrum?

Answer 11

The increased surface area increases the area for higher level thinking

Question 12

What evolutionary adaptation allows elephants to migrate, meet, and mate over great distances?

Answer 12

Seismic detection

Question 13

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the

Answer 13

Central nervous system CNS

peripheral nervous system PNS

Question 14

The analysis and interpretation of sensory signals and the formulation of appropriate responses

Answer 14

In the nervous system, integration

Question 15

Carry incoming messages toward the cell body of a neuron?

Answer 15

Dendrites

Question 16

The minimum change in a membranes voltage that must occur to trigger an action potential is called the

Answer 16

Threshold

Question 17

What causes the inside of a membrane to become positively charged during an action potential

Answer 17

Positively charged ions rush IN

Question 18

In a chemical synapse, what is the name of the gap between the sending and receiving cells?

Answer 18

Synaptic cleft

Question 19

Where would we expect to find electrical synapses?

Answer 19

within the heart

Question 20

What part of the nervous system cushions the CNS and helps supply it with nutrients and hormones, and carries away wastes?

Answer 20

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 21

Which, if any, of the following types of personal characteristics are based in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 21

Reasoning abilities

Artistic talents

Personality traits

Question 22

In a species, what is required for a new sensory adaptation to evolve by natural selection?

Answer 22

Individuals that possessed this trait produces more offspring than those that did not possess the trait

Question 23

Multiple sclerosis involves primarily

Answer 23

Destruction of the myelin sheath

Question 24

Which of the following was supported by the terrible accident that happened to Phineas Gage

Answer 24

The frontal lobes are associated with personality

Question 25

Some adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have abnormally low activity of the neurotransmitter involves in pleasure, attention, memory, sleep, movement, and learning, which increases their risk of drug abuse. Which drug are they most likely to abuse?

Answer 25

Cocaine

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation of receptors?

Answer 26

Ignoring the shoes on your feet

Question 27

In contrast to action potentials, receptor potentials

Answer 27

Vary in intensity

Question 28

Standing out in center field, the baseball player watches the hitter’s bat strike the ball and then, slightly later, hears the sound of the impact. What type of sensory receptors did the player just use?

Answer 28

Photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

Question 29

Thermoreceptors detect

Answer 29

Temperature

Question 30

Membrane potential produced in the receptor cell by sensory transduction

Answer 30

Receptor potential

Question 31

There are three different types of cones in the human eye

Answer 31

TRUE TRUE TRUUUUUEEE

Question 32

A person whose eyeball is shorter than normal suffers from

Answer 32

Farsightedness

Question 33

The organ of Corti is in the

Answer 33

Inner ear

Question 34

When you hear, the ___ vibrates

Answer 34

Eardrum, hammer, and stirrup

Question 35

If you lay your forearm along the table, you can rotate it so that your hand changes from palm down to palm up position. This is possible because your radius and ulna join at a ___ joint

Answer 35

Pivot

Question 36

What best helps a broken bone heal?

Answer 36

Returning the broken bone parts back to their natural shape and then immobilizing the bone

Question 37

Muscles are connected to bones by

Answer 37

Tendons

Question 38

Functionally, what is the muscle fibers fundamental until of contraction

Answer 38

Sarcomere

Question 39

Which part of the bone contains stored fat ?

Answer 39

Yellow bone marrow

Question 40

A thick filament is made up of

Answer 40

Myosin

Question 41

According to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, a sarcomere contracts when it’s

Answer 41

Thin and thick filaments slide past eachother to get closer together

Question 42

Would you expect motor units to vary in size? If so, which of these structures would probably have the largest ones?

Answer 42

Yes ; a motor unit in the thigh to control leg movements would be the largest one

Question 43

A baseball player leaping for a baseball and cricket jumping away from a frog are both using

Answer 43

Sensory receptors

Central nervous system

Muscle system