Chapter 17/21 Thingy Flashcards
Chordates are
Humans
Which animal group is closely related to chordates?
Echinoderms
Which anthropoids are most closely related to humans?
Chimpanzees
All organisms with bilateral symmetry also have
Sense organs
Flatworms are similar to Cnidarians in that both have
True tissues
Which animals have a cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends?
Roundworms
There are more species of ___ than any other type of animal
Arthropods
A characteristic of arthropods that has allowed for their great success is the presence of
Specialized segments
Arthropod Skelton is composed of
Chitin
What is the name given to the food trapping cells of sponges
Choanocytes
What characteristic is unique to echnioderms
A water vascular system
What evidence would convince you that it is indeed an annelid and not roundworm or flatworm
Body segmentation
Example of a chordates that is not a vertebrate
Lancelet
Among vertebrates the unique feature of lampreys and hagfish is the
Absence of jaws
Rays are a type of
Cartilaginous fish
What group of fishes includes lineage that migrated out of freshwater and adapted to life on land
Lobe-finned fishes
Tetrapods means
Four feet
The feature that freed reptiles from dependence on water for reproduction
Amniotic egg
A characteristic that is shared by snakes and birds
Amniotic egg
Almost every element of bird anatomy is modified for what
Enhancement of flight
Mammalian group that lays eggs
Monotremes
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a Notochord
Chordates
A Lancelet is a
Chordates
Platypus is a
Monotreme
You discover an organism that has scaly skin and is aquatic but returns to the land to reproduce. What else would you expect to find in this organism
Amniotic egg
Unique features of vertebrates include presence of
Skull and backbone
They all have a notochord sometime during their life cycle
Chordates
A feature unique to mammals include
Presence of hair
The first hominid to spread beyond Africa
Homo erectus
Where did humans first appear
Africa
Four long, slender finger bones and a smaller opposable thumb bone, long arm bone, fingernails, and eye sockets close together on a skull
What is it and where would it be found?
Anthropoids
Found in heavily forested area
How do New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys?
New world monkeys have prehensile tail
In animals, individual cells are grouped into
Tissues
The function of the lung system is to exchange
Exchange of gases between the blood and air
The function of the kidney system is
Excretion of urea
What makes skeletal muscle different from both smooth and cardiac muscle ?
Skeletal muscle can be contracted voluntarily
Physiologist is a biologist that studies
Functions of body parts
Bone is a type of
Connective tissue
Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that
The cells are sparsely scattered through an extraterrestrial matrix
Most common type of tissue
Loose connective tissue
Most abundant kind of tissue in most animals
Muscle
It can be enlarged by exercise
Skeletal muscle
Involuntary muscle includes
Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
This can only carry out its functions of its component tissues
Organs
The fact that every organism continuously exchanges chemicals and energy with its surroundings
Open systems
Reabsorption in the movement of substances from the ____ to the ___
Filtrate ; blood
Secretion is the movement of substances from the ____ to the ___
Blood ; filtrate
Excretion is the movement of substances from the ___ to the ___
Kidneys ; outside
Which process describes the forcing of water and other small molecules from the blood into a kidney tube?
Filtration
Promotes urinary water loss
Diuretic
In humans goosebumps are a vestige of a mammalian adaptation related to
Thermoregulation
If a person is suffering from a heat stroke which organ system is failing
Nervous system
Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the tides. If this animal practices homeostasis with respect to the salt concentration will show
Slight, continuous fluctuations
The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
Homeostasis
The vertebrate kidney helps to keep the acidity of the body fluids constant by varying the amount of hydrogen ions it secretes to urine
Negative feedback mechanism
Thermostat that monitors temp and switches heat on and off
Negative feedback
When a blood vessel is broken proteins found in blood are stimulated, resulting in netlike clot
Positive feedback
Stimulated proteins activate more and more proteins which causes a larger and larger clot
Positive feedback loop
Urination, deification, breathing
Water loss
The ability to maintain a body temp substantially warmer than the surrounding environment
Endotherms
Animals such as mammals and birds that derive most of their body heat from their own metabolism
Endotherms
Includes most invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, and nonbird reptiles
Ectotherms
Obtain their body heat primarily by absorbing it from their surroundings
Ectotherms
Blood sugar level rises then the level went back down
Negative feedback
Most homeostasis mechanisms depend on
Negative feedback
Spring lobster is a
ectotherm
When the body temp is too low
Blood vessels in skin constrict
Physiological response when animals get too hot
Increased blood flow to the skin
They produce dilute urine
Freshwater fish
