Gymnosperms Lab Exam 2

Question 1

Seedless plants reproduce via

Answer 1

Spores

Question 2

Seed plants reproduce via

Answer 2

Seeds

Question 3

a structure in which the embryo (the young sporophyte) is shed from the parent plant, enclosed within a resistant coat, together with a supply of food that aids its establishment

Answer 3

Seed

Question 4

Which plants are the majority of seed plants

Answer 4

Extant plants

Question 5

Consist of an embryo

Answer 5

Seed

Question 6

Seeds stores food which is called the

Answer 6

Endosperm

Question 7

Modern seed plant the ovule consist of a nucellus envelope by one or two ____ with a ____

Answer 7

integuments with a micropyle

Question 8

a micropyle is also called

Answer 8

apical opening

Question 9

When fertile the nucellus contains a megagametophyte composed of _____ and ____

Answer 9

nutritive tissue and archegonia

Question 10

After fertilization the integuments develop into a

Answer 10

seed coat; a seed is formed

Question 11

A megaspore retained within a fleshy megasporangium

Answer 11

nucellus

Question 12

Do seed plants require water for fertilization?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Development of the embryo (young sporophyte) within the ___retained within the ____

Answer 13

megagametophyte retained within megasporangium

Question 14

The seed habit arose by 365 million years ago via fusion of vegetative tissues around the ____

Answer 14

megasporangium

Question 15

This additional protective layer is called an

Answer 15

integument

Question 16

The integument has a small opening called

Answer 16

Micropyle

Question 17

Fertilization takes place through this part of the seed

Answer 17

Micropyle

Question 18

an integumented megasporangium

Answer 18

Ovule

Question 19

Following fertilization the integument will become the

Answer 19

seed coat

Question 20

The pollen is shed at this stage and it carried by the wind to an immature ____

Answer 20

megastrobilus

Question 21

During the spring pollination season the megastrobili (female cones) have their cone scales ___

Answer 21

Open

Question 22

The pollen in the wind is caught and held by a sticky secretion. As the secretion dries up the pollen is drawn into the ____. The cone scales then grow together

Answer 22

micropyle

Question 23

The pollen tube begins to digest through the ____ towards the developing megagametophyte

Answer 23

nucellus

Question 24

The pollen tube begins to digest through the nucellus towards the developing

Answer 24

megagametophyte

Question 25

Twelve months after pollination the generative cell divides to form a

Answer 25

sterile cell and a spermatogenous cell

Question 26

Megastrobili (female cones) are ___ than the microstrobili.

Answer 26

Larger

Question 27

A pair of ovules sit on top of a ___ which is subtended by a sterile bract.

Answer 27

seed-scale complex

Question 28

Each ovule contains a _____ surrounded by a thick integument with an opening (micropyle) facing inward

Answer 28

multicellular nucellus

Question 29

Each nucellus contains a megasporocyte (megaspore mother cell) which undergoes meiosis to produce

Answer 29

Four haploid cells

Question 30

Three degenerate and the remaining one develops into the ___ over a six month period.

Answer 30

megagametophyte

Question 31

At 13 months after pollination, inside the megagametophyte, a large number of free nuclear divisions take place, forming 2,000 free nuclei. Then cell walls form to make solid tissue. This gametophytic tissue will become the

Answer 31

stored food inside the mature seed

Question 32

15 months after pollination 2 - 3 archegonia, each containing an egg, form. At this time the pollen tube reaches the archegonia and it discharges both sperm nuclei into the archegonia. One sperm ____ the egg, the other ___

Answer 32

fertilizes and the other degenerates

Question 33

As the developing zygote divides to form the embryo ____ of cells are produced.

Answer 33

four tiers

Question 34

These form suspensors which push the developing embryo deep into the ______. Simultaneously the integument forms the seed coat

Answer 34

gametophyte tissue

Question 35

Developing stored food

Answer 35

Gametophyte tissue

Question 36

As the developing zygote divides to form the embryo four tiers of cells are produced. These form ____ which push the developing embryo deep into the gametophyte tissue (developing stored food). Simultaneously the integument forms the seed coat

Answer 36

suspensors

Question 37

push the developing embryo deep into the gametophyte tissue (developing stored food). Simultaneously the integument forms the seed coat

Answer 37

Suspensors

Question 38

The seeds mature and they are shed during the ____, when the cone scales open. Therefore if takes about 2 1/2 years from pollination to the shedding of seeds

Answer 38

second autumn