Kingdom Animalia: Porifera

Question 1

Are sponges multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 1

multicellular

evolved separately from other multicellular organisms

Question 2

Where do sponges live?

Answer 2

MOST sponges live in the sea from POLAR regions to TROPICS and from tide to water several hundred meters deep

SOME live in FRESH WATER (lakes, streams)

Question 3

What are the characteristics of sponges that are diff from other animals?

Answer 3

DO NOT have a mouth or a gut

DO NOT have specialize tissues or organs

Question 4

How is a sponge structured?

Answer 4

A sponge is basically a CENTRAL CAVITY surrounded by a wall that contains thousands of openings called PORES

Question 5

How does water move in and out of the sponge?

Answer 5

water enters the openings and is moved through the OPENINGS through the action of FLAGELLA on the COLLAR CELLS (CHOAMOCYTES) it is moved out of the sponge at the OSCULUM

Question 6

What does water carry?

Answer 6

Food and oxygen to the cells
Cellular waste products away from the cells
Gametes or larvae out of the sponge’s body

Question 7

What is the skeleton of the sponge composed of?

Answer 7

spicules (made of calcium carbonate or glasslike silica) which interlock to form the skeleton

Question 8

What cells are spicules manufactured by?

Answer 8

manufactured by cells called AMEBOCYTES

Question 9

What material are some sponge’s skeleton made of?

Answer 9

Some sponge skeletons are made from PROTEIN MATERIAL called spongin

Question 10

What do Sponges eat?

Answer 10

they are filter feeders that sift microscopic food particles from the water that passes through them

Question 11

What are the 3 functions of collar cells in feeding?

Answer 11

1. Trap food particles (move the food containing water)
2. Engulf the particles
3. May digest

Question 12

What are the 2 functions of amebocytes in feeding?

Answer 12

1. Finish digesting food

2. Deliver digested food to other parts of the sponge

Question 13

What role does water play in sponges

Answer 13

role in SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Question 14

Hoe does sexual reproduction work in sponges?

Answer 14

1. EGGS kept inside body of sponge
2. SPERM are release into the water that flows through the sponge
3. if SPERM is taken into the body of another sponge, the AMEBOCYTES pick them up and carry them to the sponge’s eggs
4. ZYGOTE develops into a LARVA that can swim (it is carried along with the water)

Question 15

What is another way sponges reproduce?

Answer 15

by Asexual reproduction
2 steps:
formation of gemmules
budding

Question 16

What is formation of gemmules?

Answer 16

1. When conditions are unfavorable
2. Fresh water sponges produce GEMMULES (sphere-shaped collection of ameboyctes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules)
3. Survives unfavorable conditions then will grow again will fav conditions return

Question 17

What is budding?

Answer 17

Part of the sponge falls off the parent and grows into several new sponges

Question 18

What is the 3 roles of sponges in the ecosystem?

Answer 18

1. Symbitotic relationship with blue-green bacteria or plantlike protists: provide food & oxygen to the sponge removes waste
2. Discourage other animals from feeding off of them through the production of spicules and protective chemicals
3. Help break down coral and shells