Bacteria-Prokaryotic Cells DEF 2 Flashcards
Define Respiration
Process that involves oxygen and breaks down food molecules to release energy
Define Fermentation
Process that enables cells to carry out energy production in the absence of oxygen
Define Obligate aerobe
Organisms that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live
Define Obligate anaerobe
organisms that lives only in the absence of oxygen
Toxin
Poison
Define Botulism
Rare form of food poisoning that can cause paralysis and even death
always a danger with canned food
Define Facultative aerobe
organisms that can survive with or without oxygen
If conditions are favorable, some types of bacteria can reproduce as often as every…
20 mins
48 hrs if unlimited food, growth 4000 times the mass of earth
Growth of bacteria is held by what 2 factors?
- Availability of food
2. Production of waste product
Define Binary Fission
type of asexual reproduction in which an organism divides to produce two identical daughter cells
Define Conjugation
type of sexual reproduction that involves an exchange of genetic information
Whats happens during conjugation?
- long bridge of protein forms between 2 bacterial cells
2. Part of genetic info from one cell (doner) is transferred to the other cell (recipient)
What do genetic diversity help ensure?
that even if the environment changes, a few bacteria will have the right combinations of genes to survive (conjugation)
Define Endospore
structure formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall (encloses DNA and cytoplasm)
What happens with an Endospore?
- can stay DORMANT for months/ years
- Waits for favorable conditions
- When conditions improves, it will open and bacterium will begin to grow again
What goods are produced by Bacteria?
- cheese
- yogurt
- buttermilk
- sour cream
- pickles
- sauerkraut/kimchi
- vinegar
What are 4 industrial uses if bacteria?
- Digest petroleum (clean small spills, oil)
- remove waster products from water
- help to mine minerals
- synthesis drugs/chemicals
Define symbiosis
a close relationship between 2 species in which at least 1 specie benefits from the other
EX. bacteria benefits by having warm, safe home, plenty of food, free transportation
humans benefit by getting help digesting our food. receiving vitamins
What do bacteria do with dead materials?
recycle and decompose dead material (break down)
Define saprophytes
organisms that use the complex molecules of a once-living organism as their source of energy and nutrition
Whats happens in Sewage decomposition?
- Bacteria grows RAPIDLY in mixture of human waste, discarded food, organic garbage, and even chemical waste
- As they grow they break down complex compounds in the sewage into simpler compounds
How is bacteria related to nitrogen fixation?
- ALL organisms are dependent on bacteria for nitrogen
- Living organisms require nitrogen to be “fixed” chemically in form of ammonia (NH3)
- Bacteria only organisms capable of performing nitrogen fixation
