Bacteria-Prokaryotic Cells DEF 2

Question 1

Define Respiration

Answer 1

Process that involves oxygen and breaks down food molecules to release energy

Question 2

Define Fermentation

Answer 2

Process that enables cells to carry out energy production in the absence of oxygen

Question 3

Define Obligate aerobe

Answer 3

Organisms that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live

Question 4

Define Obligate anaerobe

Answer 4

organisms that lives only in the absence of oxygen

Question 5

Toxin

Answer 5

Poison

Question 6

Define Botulism

Answer 6

Rare form of food poisoning that can cause paralysis and even death

always a danger with canned food

Question 7

Define Facultative aerobe

Answer 7

organisms that can survive with or without oxygen

Question 8

If conditions are favorable, some types of bacteria can reproduce as often as every…

Answer 8

20 mins

48 hrs if unlimited food, growth 4000 times the mass of earth

Question 9

Growth of bacteria is held by what 2 factors?

Answer 9

1. Availability of food

2. Production of waste product

Question 10

Define Binary Fission

Answer 10

type of asexual reproduction in which an organism divides to produce two identical daughter cells

Question 11

Define Conjugation

Answer 11

type of sexual reproduction that involves an exchange of genetic information

Question 12

Whats happens during conjugation?

Answer 12

1. long bridge of protein forms between 2 bacterial cells

2. Part of genetic info from one cell (doner) is transferred to the other cell (recipient)

Question 13

What do genetic diversity help ensure?

Answer 13

that even if the environment changes, a few bacteria will have the right combinations of genes to survive (conjugation)

Question 14

Define Endospore

Answer 14

structure formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall (encloses DNA and cytoplasm)

Question 15

What happens with an Endospore?

Answer 15

1. can stay DORMANT for months/ years
2. Waits for favorable conditions
3. When conditions improves, it will open and bacterium will begin to grow again

Question 16

What goods are produced by Bacteria?

Answer 16

1. cheese
2. yogurt
3. buttermilk
4. sour cream
5. pickles
6. sauerkraut/kimchi
7. vinegar

Question 17

What are 4 industrial uses if bacteria?

Answer 17

1. Digest petroleum (clean small spills, oil)
2. remove waster products from water
3. help to mine minerals
4. synthesis drugs/chemicals

Question 18

Define symbiosis

Answer 18

a close relationship between 2 species in which at least 1 specie benefits from the other

EX. bacteria benefits by having warm, safe home, plenty of food, free transportation

humans benefit by getting help digesting our food. receiving vitamins

Question 19

What do bacteria do with dead materials?

Answer 19

recycle and decompose dead material (break down)

Question 20

Define saprophytes

Answer 20

organisms that use the complex molecules of a once-living organism as their source of energy and nutrition

Question 21

Whats happens in Sewage decomposition?

Answer 21

1. Bacteria grows RAPIDLY in mixture of human waste, discarded food, organic garbage, and even chemical waste
2. As they grow they break down complex compounds in the sewage into simpler compounds

Question 22

How is bacteria related to nitrogen fixation?

Answer 22

1. ALL organisms are dependent on bacteria for nitrogen
2. Living organisms require nitrogen to be “fixed” chemically in form of ammonia (NH3)
3. Bacteria only organisms capable of performing nitrogen fixation