Bacteria-Prokaryotic Cells DEF

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

cells that do not have a nucleus

Question 2

What 2 kingdoms are Prokaryotes placed under?

Answer 2

1. Eubacteria

2. Archaebacteria

Question 3

What is the size of a prokaryote?

Answer 3

1 to 10 micrometers

Question 4

Eubacteria is surrounded by a ________ that is composed of _______ and within the cell wall there is a ___ membrane

Answer 4

Cell wall
Complex carbohydrates
Cell membrane

Question 5

What do some eubacteria have and what are they used for?

Answer 5

They have long whip like flagella that sticks out through membrane from cell wall and is used for movement

Question 6

Where do Eubacteria live?

Answer 6

There lifestyle varies

1. some live in soil
2. some infect larger organisms and produce disease
3. some simple/ elaborate
   - contain systems of internal membranes and compartments

Question 7

What are the most important type of eubacteria? What do they do?

Answer 7

cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria)

Contain membranes that carry out light reactions of photosynthesis

Question 8

Where are Eubacteria found?

Answer 8

Found all around the world. Often first species to recolonize the site of a natural disaster

Question 9

Where do Archaebacteria live?

Answer 9

extremely harsh environments

Ex Oxygen free environments, thick mud
Salty environments
Hot environments

Question 10

What is the study of Gram staining?

Answer 10

study of chemical nature of the bacterial cell walls

Question 11

What color do Gram-postive bacteria become?

Answer 11

PURPLE because they take up the stain crystal and violet

Have bacteria cell wall with only 1 thick layer of carbohydrate and protein

Question 12

What color do Gram-negative bacteria become?

Answer 12

RED because they take up the stain safranin

Bacteria have a second cell wall with outer layer of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 13

What are types of bacterial movement?

Answer 13

1. Propelled
2. lash
3. snake
4. Spiral
5. glide
6. No movement

Question 14

Define Phototrophic autotrophs

Answer 14

Bacteria that traps the energy of sunlight in a manner similar to green plants

EX. some photosynthetic eubacteria

Question 15

Define Chemotrophic autotrophs

Answer 15

Bacteria that live in harsh environments and obtain energy from inorganic molecules

EX. nitrosomines uses ammonia and oxygen to produce energy

Question 16

Define Chemotrophic heterotrophs

Answer 16

Bacteria that obtains energy by taking in organic molecules

EX. most bacteria
Humans are also chemotrophic heterotrophs, compete with bacteria for food sources

Question 17

Define Phototrophic heterotrophs

Answer 17

Bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight (photosynthetic) and also need organic compounds for nutrition