Coevolution of Flowering plants & animals

Question 1

Def of Coevolution

Answer 1

process by which two organisms evolve structures and behaviors in response to changes in each other over time

Question 2

What are two types of pollination

Answer 2

1. wind pollination

2. Vector pollination

Question 3

Plants that use wind pollination are..

Answer 3

plants that have SMALL, PLAIN, SIMPLE flowers with little or no FRAGRANCE

ex. willow trees, corn, wheat

Question 4

4 Facts about vector pollination

Answer 4

1. uses INSECTS, BIRDS, and MAMMALS that carry pollen from one flower to the next
2. Plant attracts pollinators by providing FOOD (nectar, pollen)
3. more EFFICIENT than wind pollination
4. Plant uses different SHAPES, COLORS, FRAGRANCES to attract specific pollinators

Question 5

What types of plants are Bees attracted to?

Answer 5

BLUE and YELLOW flowers with landing platforms since they can see ULTRAVIOLET

Question 6

What types of plants are night-flying attracted to?

Answer 6

WHITE flowers that do not have landing platforms since they do not see color at night and hover while feeding

Question 7

What types of plants are flies attracted to?

Answer 7

Flowers that smell like ROTTING meat since it seems like a place to lay their eggs

Question 8

What types of plants are birds attracted to?

Answer 8

ORANGE and RED flowers since they have very good sight but poor sense of smell

Question 9

Def of Seed dispersal

Answer 9

process of distributing seeds away from the parent plants

Question 10

What is the advantage of seed dispersal?

Answer 10

will have better chance of survival because it is not competing with parent for:

sunlight
water
nutrients

Question 11

What are 3 main methods of seed dispersal?

Answer 11

1. wind (ex. dandelion, milkweed, maple tree)
2. water (ex. coconut)
3. animals (raspberries)

Question 12

How has fruits coevloved with animal species?

Answer 12

fruits coevolved with animal species that help disperse the fruit’s seeds

Question 13

How are 2 ways animal species help disperse fruit’s seeds?

Answer 13

1. carried as hitchhikers on the fur or feathers of mammals or birds.
   Ex. some fruits have sharp barbs that catch in fur or feathers
2. carried inside the digestive tracts or mammals or birds
   STEPS:
   a) fruits are eaten and the seeds are protected through digestive tract. Deposited far away when animal defecates
   b) the new seed grows in some natural fertilizers too –> black bear droppings
   c) when seeds are ready, fruit is sweet and ripens to a bright color to attract the mammal or bird to eat the fruit