Kinetic Theory Can Explain the Three States of Matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas
What are the particles of a substance in each state like?
The same - only the arrangement and energy of the particles are different
Forces of attraction in solids?
Strong forces of attraction hold the particle close together in a fixed, regular arrangement
Particles in a solid?
Particles don’t have much energy so they can only vibrate about their fixed positions
Forces of attraction in liquids?
Weaker forces of attraction
Particles in a liquid?
Are close together, but can move past each other, and form irregular arrangements.
Movement of particles in a liquid?
More energy than particles in a solid - move in random directions at low speeds
Forces of attraction in gases?
Almost no forces of attraction between particles
Particles in a gas?
Have more energy than those in liquids or solids
Movement of particles in a gas?
Free to move, and travel in random directions at high speeds
What is the energy in a substances thermal energy store held by?
It’s particles in their kinetic energy stores - what thermal energy store actually is
What happens when you heat a liquid?
The extra energy is transferred into the particle’s kinetic energy stores, making the, move faster
What happens when enough of the particles have enough energy? (Liquid)
They overcome their attraction to each other, big bubbles of gas form in the liquid - this is boiling
What happens when you heat a solid?
The extra energy makes the particles vibrate faster until eventually the forces between them are partly overcome and their particles start to move around - this is melting
What is being done when a substance is melting or boiling?
You’re still putting in energy, but the energy’s used for breaking bonds between particles rather than raising the temp
