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Kin 131 flashcards > Kin 150 midterm 2 stress emotion and coping in sport > Flashcards

Kin 150 midterm 2 stress emotion and coping in sport Flashcards

1
Q

What is stress?

A

Relationship between a person and an environment that is seen as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person.

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2
Q

Does stress create an automatic outcome? if not what is it and how does it work?

A

No, stress is a process not an automatic outcome. Stressor + response = outcome

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3
Q

Is stress a consistent thing between different people?

A

No stress is different in different situations and perceived differently for everyone

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4
Q

Explain the model of the stress process

A
  1. Stressor
    - Some sort of stressor
  2. Cognitive appraisal
    - Anaylize the situation considering “is this something that will affect me?” and “Do I have the skills to deal with this?”
  3. Coping
    - Skills used to deal with the stressor
  4. Response
    - What is the outcome of the situation?
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5
Q

All steps of the stress process model feed back into itself. explain this.

A
  • Double headed arrow between appraisal and coping signifying: Outcome of how effective the coping method was can affect the appraisal step for next time either positively or negatively
  • The response feeds back into all steps as the outcome will affect our appraisals, coping strategies, and wether or not we perceive something as stressful
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6
Q

Explain the difference between a stressor and a stress response

A

Stressor: Event or situation that is seen as stressful and tax our resources. Can be positive or negative

Stress response: Physical, emotional, and cognitive reactions to a stressor. Can be a good or bad thing. (optimal levels of stress can be beneficial)

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7
Q

What is the difference between a positive and negative stressor and what are they called?

A

Positive (Eustress): Stress from something that is positive such as planning a wedding

Negative (distress): Stress from something negative

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8
Q

What are the 6 types of stressors?

A
  1. Acute: Stressor in the moment
  2. Chronic: Long term stressor
  3. Expected: Able to anticipate this stressor
  4. Unexpected: Unable to anticipate the stressor
  5. Competitive: Stressor during a competition
  6. Non competitive: Stressor outside of a competition
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9
Q

What is a reaction that occurs as a part of stress reponse?

A

Emotional reactions:
- Quick and dissipates over time
- Subjective: Outside actions don’t always match how we feel on the inside

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10
Q

Explain what cognitive appraisal is

A

Our interpretation of a situation

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11
Q

What are the two phases of an appraisal?

A
  1. Primary appraisal
    - Is this situation significant to me? What’s at stake?
  2. Secondary appraisal
    - What can be done about the situation and do I have the knowledge and skills to do it
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12
Q

What are the 3 types of appraisals?

A
  1. Loss appraisal
    - Stressor has resulted in a irriverable outcome
  2. Threat appraisal:
    - Anticipate that harm could be done
    - Demands are larger than our resources
  3. Challenge appraisal
    - Anticipate that harm could be done, but its seen as a challenge to overcome
    - The demands are approximately equal to our resources
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13
Q

Is coping static or dynamic?

A

Coping is a dynamic process that adapts based on how well they work

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14
Q

Explain the integrated model of coping:
What are the two main types of coping and explain them

A

Task: Efforts to deal directly with the stressor

Avoidance: Efforts to increase the distance between ourselves and the stressor

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15
Q

Explain the integrated model of coming:
Explain the subgroups of the model

A

2 subgroups of task coping:

  1. Problem focused:
    - Efforts to change the situation that is causing stress
    - Eg. Increasing effort, seeking support
  2. Emotion focused
    - Efforts to manage our emotional responses to the stressor
    - Eg. thought control, relaxation, imagery

2 subgroups of Avoidance coping:

  1. Distraction oriented
    - Focusing on stimulus unrelated to the stressful situation
    - Eg. visualizing yourself on vacation
    - Physically social distancing
  2. Disengagement
    - Stopping the pursuit of the objective in the situation
    - Eg. deciding to give up on a set in volleyball and save energy for the next set
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16
Q

Explain the difference between macro and micro stratagies

A

Macro strategies: Task and avoidance coping

Micro strategies: Problem focused, Emotion focused, Distraction oriented, Disengagement oriented

17
Q

What is the most studies emotion?

A

Anxiety

18
Q

Gross’s emotion regulation model provides strategies on how to control ones emotional reactions. What are the different stratagies? Explain them.

A
  1. Situation selection:
    - Seek out situations that create positive emotions even with stress (eg. going to the gym)
  2. Situation modification:
    - Deal with the stressor itself (eg. finishing assignment that’s been due)
  3. Attention deployment:
    - Distract ourselves by focusing on something else to take our mind off the situation that’s giving negative emotions
  4. Cognitive change:
    - Change the emotional significance of a situation
  5. Response modulation
    - Controlling our behaviour and cognitive function in order to in turn affect out emotions (eg. body language and self talk)
19
Q

Explain what factors affect/don’t affect coping

A

Gender: No difference in coping

Culture: Little evidence

Expertise: Higher level of expertise are more likely to participate in task focused coping

Social factors:
- Mastery climate: increase in task focus coping
- Ego climate: increase in avoidance coping

Personality:
- Extroversion leads to increase task focused coping
- Consiensousness leads to increase task focus coping
- neuroticism leads to increase avoidance focus coping

20
Q

Explain the effectiveness of coping stratagies

A

Task focus coping Related to:
- Positive emotions
- Perceived coping effectivness
- increased performance

Avoidance focus coping related to:
- Negative emotions
- Burnout

21
Q

Explain the different coping interventions (Techniques)

A
  1. Multidimensional:
    - A mix of multiple strategies
  2. Action planning:
    - Thinking ahead to predicted stressors and create a coping plan. Try to plan for unexpected stressors swell
  3. Emotional regulation:
    - Reframe your beliefs that cause negative emotion (eg. saying “I’m terrible after dropping a ball” reframe this belief into something more positive such as “It happens to everyone and ill catch the next one”)
  4. Self compassion:
    - be kinder to ourselves in order to receive negative emotions

Kin 131 flashcards (14 decks)

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