Kin 131 extra questions

Question 1

What’s the pathway of a reflex arc

Answer 1

1. Stimulus
2. Receptor
3. Afferent pathway
   4 Integrating center
4. Efferent pathway
5. reaction

Question 2

What’s the heiracical organization of structures smallest to biggest?

Answer 2

1. cells
2. tissue
3. Organs
4. Organ system
5. Living unit

Question 3

What is fatigue and the two types?

Answer 3

fatigue: The decline of tension in a muscle

Peripheral fatigue: Due to factors distal to the neuromuscular junction

Central fatigue: Due to factors proximal to the neuromuscular junction

Question 4

Is fatigue due to lactate buildup only?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

What is a muscle cramp?

Answer 5

A involuntary titanic contraction of the muscle. Action potential firing rates are even higher than the rates it would be for maxiumum contraction

Question 6

What are the causes of a muscle cramp?

Answer 6

Not fully known. Electrolyte imbalance

Question 7

What are the mix of fiber types you have mostly determined by? What can this predict?

Answer 7

1. Genetics is the biggest factor determining the amount of slow vs fast fibres your muscles have. This can be a great predictor of what sports you might excel at. Eg. high type 1 slow oxidative = marathon runner vs high type 2a and 2b = sprinter

Question 8

What is hypocalcemic tetany? What causes this

Answer 8

Involuntary titanic contraction when calcium levels are at 40% of their regular amount. Low calcium levels leads to the opening of the sodium channels causing a involuntary action potential which leads to involentary contractions

Question 9

Can muscle fiber types be developed. If so how?

Answer 9

Yes muscle fiber types can be changed by certain factors: FITT

Frequency: How often you exercise

Intensity: Load placed on muscle

Time: How long was the exercise

Type: Was this exercise high force generating or low force generating

Question 10

What are the two types of training? and details about them

Answer 10

Aerobic training
- Long time over lesser intensity
- Slow twitch fibres become more efficient at the oxidative process (increased mitochondria, myoglobin, and capillary density)
- Converts Fast glycolytic fibres into fast oxidative glycolytic fibres
-increases type 1 fiber motor units

Power training
- Low reps over a short time of high intensity
- Muscle fibres become bigger and increase in number resulting in more cross bridge formation = more tension
- Converts fast oxidative glycolytic fibres into fast glycolytic fibers
increases type 2 motor units

Question 11

In power training what is it called when more muscle fibres are made?

Answer 11

hyperplasia