Kin 150 chapter 3 Behaviour change and motivation Flashcards
What is the overarching principals of behaviour change? (COM)
- Capability: has the ability to perform the behaviour
- Opportunity: Is it possible to achieve this behaviour with what I have
- Motivation: Do I actually want to do it
What are the 3 foundational perspectives of behaviour?
- Behavioural perspective
- Cognitive perspective
- Cognitive behavioural perspective
Explain what behavioural perspective is
- behaviour is increased/decreased by either reinforcement or punishment
- 4 types:
1. Positive reinforcement: Increase in behaviour by the addition of a pleasant stimulus
- Negative reinforcement: Increase in behaviour by removing a negative stimulus
- Positive punishment: Decrease in behaviour by adding a negative stimulus
- Negative punishment: Decrease in behaviour by removing a positive stimulus
Explain what positive/ negative and reinforcement/punishment mean in behavioural perspective
Positive: Addition of a stimulus
Negative: removal of a stimulus
Reinforcement: Increase in behaviour
Punishment: decrease in behaviour
Explain what the cognitive perspective is
A stimulus triggers an internal even which then produces a response
A stimulus does not automatically mean a response
Explain behavioural cognitive perspective. Think of the diagram with 3 circles
Thoughts, behaviours, and feelings all affect each other.
eg. I have negative thoughts about the gym therefore when I go I have negative feelings, therefore I don’t end up going
What are the 5 theories of behaviour change and their basic premise?
- Transtheoretical model
- Different stages of change. How to progress tenth next stage? - theory of planned behaviour (TPB)
- Behaviour intentions are the best predictors of behaviour
- Factors that affect behavioural intentions - Social cognitive theory
- Interactions between 3 variables
- Confidence and self efficacy - Self determination theory
- Motivation and the levels of motivation their are
- Basic needs for motivation - Achievement goal theory:
- Competence
- 2 types of orientations
- 2 types of climate
What are the five stages, their timeline and their key processes of behavioural change in the thranstheoretical model?
- Pre contemplation: behaviour is not considered in the next 6 months
- Increase awareness of importance of behaviour change
- Give risks and benefits of behaviour
- Contemplation: Behavioural change is considered in the next 6 months
- Invest in behaviour
- Reward behaviour
- Preparation: Beginning to take small steps towards behaviour change
- create goals
- Have social support
- Action: Behaviour change has happened in the last 6 months
- Feedback (how are they processing toward their goal
- Rewards
- Maintenance: Behaviour has become a part of their day to day lives
- Assist with coping (solving minor setbacks)
- Ongoing social support
What is the strongest prediction of behaviour according to TPB
Behavioural intentions
What 3 things affects behavioural intentions. Explain?
Attitude:
- can be positive or negative attitude
Subjective norms:
- Is this behaviour socially acceptable?
Perceived behavioural control:
- How much control do I have over taking action towards this behaviour (Is it possible for me to do it?)
Which ones of the 3 in TPBcan affect behaviour directly?
Perceived behaviour control
What are the three main factors affecting behaviour in Social cognitive theory
Personal factors: More likely to take part in behaviours were more confident in
Environment: People around us
Behaviour: choices we make
What’s the difference between goal extpections and expectancies
Expectations: If I do X will I get Y?
Expectancies: How likely is it that Ill achieve my goal?
One of the constructs of social cognitive theory is confidence. Is confidence a state or trait?
It is both a trait and a state
What is a efficacy?
A type of confidence that is specific to a certain task/skill
