key facts and figures 1941-53 Flashcards
Troops captured at Kiev
665,000
How many German troops invaded the USSR?
3 million
Soviets attempt peace negotiations but ignored by Hitler
15th October 1941
Germans halted at Stalingrad
October 1942
Siege of Leningrad
September 1941 –> January 1944
German advance on Moscow halts
December 1941
First sign of German hesitation
Bombardment of Stalingrad
August 1942 –> February 1943
Battle of Prokhorovka
July 1943
Kursk offensive called off
July 1943
Liberation of Kiev
November 1943
Tehran summit
November 1943
Soviet troops enter Poland
January 1944
Siege of Leningrad ends
January 1944
Stavka formed
23 June 1941 (1 day after the German invasion)
Grand alliance with Great Britain began
June 1941 after the German invasion
Grand alliance with the US began
December 1942 after Pearl Harbour
Rostige liberated by the Red Army
February 1943
Launch of Operation Citadel
July 1943
Vilnius (Lithuania) captured by the Red Army
July 1944
Soviet siege of Budapest
December 1944 –> Feb 1945
Number of time Kharkiv (Ukraine) changed hands (and some dates)
4
First overrun Oct 1941, liberated August 1943
Trains used in the movement of factories (numbers)
- 3000 a day took steel equipment from the Dnieper area
- 3000 per day in the electrical industry
- 25,000 a week shifted factories from the Ukraine
- 80,000 wagons moved 500 factories from Moscow
Battle for Berlin casualties
USSR: 80,000
Germany: 150,000
Red Army win final battle for Berlin
2 May 1945
Germans surrender unconditionally to the USSR
May 1945
Hitler’s suicide
April 1945
How many people volunteered for citizens’ defense in 1941?
4 million
Soviet citizens killed in WWII
At least 20 million
Postwar mining, steel production and electricity levels
~1/2 of 1940 levels in 1945
Military expenditure 1952
25% of total expenditure
Ukraine’s industrial output 1950
Higher than before the war
4th 5YP launched
March 1946
Average Soviet incomes 1948
Back to 1938 levels
Production of steel, coal, oil, cement, electricity under the 4th 5YP
More being produced in 1950 than 1940
Cotton fabric, wool fabric and sugar production under the 4th 5YP
Back to pre-war production figures by 1950
The driest year since 1891
1946
Food production 1945
60% of 1940 levels
Collective farms destroyed during the war
98,000
Deaths in the famine 1946-47
~1.5 million
Ban on selling food from kolkhozniks’ private plots reintroduced
1948
Dresden bombed
February 1945
Number of people who fled as a result of Soviet victory
12 million (many ethnic Germans) as the Red Army advanced westwards
Soviet citizens in the armed forces dead
7.5 million
Change in size of the armed forces
1948 –> 53: 2.8 mill –> 4.9 mill
Change in military expenditure
18% –> 25% of total expenditure
1950 –> 52
Coal production 1940,45,50
1940: 165.9
1945: 149.3
1950: 261.1
(million tonnes)
Oil production 1940,45,50
1940: 31.1
1945: 19.4
1950: 37.9
(million tonnes)
Horses killed/lost during the war
7 million
Cattle killed/lost during the war
17 million
Pigs killed/lost during the war
20 million
Sheep killed/lost during the war
27 million
Tractors lost during the war
137,000
Combine harvesters lost during the war
49,000
Grain production 1940,1947,1950,1952
1940: 95.6
1947: 65.9
1950: 81.2
1952: 92.2
(million tonnes)
Cotton production 1940 and 1952
2.2 –> 3.8 (million tonnes)
Change in proportion of land under cultivation
75% in 1945 compared to 1940
Cattle 1940-52
1940: 28 million
1952: 25 million
In what period were there no Party congresses?
1939-59
Percentage of returned POWs sent to the gulags
15% of 1.8 million
Marriage to foreigners outlawed
1947
Wartime survivors sent to the gulag
12 million
The Leningrad Affair
1940s - early 1950s
The ‘Mingrelian Case’
1951
Yalta and Potsdam summit conferences
1945
Marshall Plan and ‘Truman Doctrine’
1947
Communist coup in Czechoslovakia
1948
Berlin blockade
June 1948 - May 1949
Successful test of the Soviet atom bomb
August 1949
Stalins death
March 1953
Soviet soldiers
7.5 million
Provisional government set up in Lublin (Poland)
1945
Eastern Germany a Soviet zone of occupation
1945
Moscow-trained communists in political control of eastern Germany
1946
Hungary a satellite state
1947 (‘salami tactics’)
Czechoslovakia a satellite state
1948 (‘salami tactics’)
Baltic States satellite states
Occupied 1940 (Nazi-Soviet Pact)
Eastern Poland a satellite state
Annexed 1939 (Nazi-Soviet Pact)
Yugoslavia a satellite state
Communists gained control 1945
‘The Long Telegram’
1946
NATO formed
1949
US reveals atomic bomb
1945
Polish army officers killed in the Katyn Forest Massacre
22,000
Katyn Forest Massacre
April-May 1940
Roosevelt’s death
April 1945
Marshall Plan announced
June 1947
Total tons of cargo carried into Berlin during the airlift
2.3 million
Change in tonnes of supplies per day during the airlift
Initially: 5,000
By the end: 8,000
Civilian deaths in the war
~12 million, 1/8 of pop alive before the war dead by 1945
Towns and cities destroyed in the war
1700
Villages destroyed in the war
70,000
Babi Yar massacre
Sept 1941
How many Jews were shot at Babi Yar?
34,000
Military personnel executed for treason during the war
170,000
Tartar deportation
May 1944, 24,000 to Uzbekistan
Change in size of the Red Army over the course of WWII
1941: 4.8 million soldiers
+29.5 million over course of war
Number of factories moved from Moscow
500
Number of trains used to transport factories
20,000
American trucks supplied through the Lend-Lease scheme
300,000
Deaths during Siege of Leningrad
800,000 civilians, 90% of civilian population
Deaths in Battle of Stalingrad
800,000
Same amount of British and US troops that died during the whole war
Industry 1945
Reduced by 66%
How many people were homeless in 1945?
25 million
Percentage of government investment that went to heavy industry during the fourth 5YP
88%
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The rouble in 1947
Had devalued by approx 90%
Grain production 1952
Back to pre-war levels
95 –> 92 (million tons) 1940-53
