Extra detail: Agricultural and social developments in the countryside

Question 1

What proportion of peasant households were kulak households?

Answer 1

4%

Question 2

What proportion of peasant households were destroyed by dekulakisation?

Answer 2

~15%

Question 3

How many peasants were forced to migrate north and east to poorer land?

Answer 3

~150,000

Question 4

How did peasants try to avoid being labelled as kulaks?

Answer 4

By killing their livestock and destroying their crops

Question 5

What proportion of grain-farming areas did Stalin announce would be collectivised in 1930?

Answer 5

25%

Question 6

What percentage of peasant households had been collectivised in 1934?

Answer 6

70%

Question 7

What percentage of peasant households had been collectivised in 1935?

Answer 7

75%

Question 8

What percentage of peasant households had been collectivised in 1937?

Answer 8

90%

Question 9

What was the state quota for kolkohzes?

Answer 9

Up to 40% of crops

Question 10

How was communist control over rural areas maintained?

Answer 10

Each kolkhoz was under the control of a Communist Party member who acted as the Chairman of the collective

Question 11

How many Machine Tractor Stations were established?

Answer 11

2500

Question 12

What percentage of threshing was carried out mechanically by 1938?

Answer 12

95%

Question 13

What percentage of ploughing was carried out mechanically by 1938?

Answer 13

72%

Question 14

What percentage of spring sowing was carried out mechanically by 1938?

Answer 14

57%

Question 15

What percentage of harvesting was carried out mechanically by 1938?

Answer 15

48%

Question 16

How many lorries were being used in Soviet agriculture in 1938 compared to the USA?

Answer 16

196,000 to 1,000,000+

Question 17

Which peasants were particularly hostile to collectivisation?

Answer 17

Those from more fertile agricultural areas like the Ukraine

Question 18

How did peasants on collective farms often feel about the regime?

Answer 18

They felt a sense of betrayal and hostility

Question 19

What was the punishment for stealing from a collective farm by August 1932?

Answer 19

10 years in prison, later raised to capital punishment

Question 20

What was the punishment for selling meat or grain before quotas were filled?

Answer 20

10 years in prison

Question 21

What percentage of the USSR’s food was produced on private plots and then sold on the private market by the late 1930s?

Answer 21

• 52% of vegetables
• 70% of meat
• 71% of milk

Question 22

Why were many collective farms so disorganised?

Answer 22

• The party leaders who helped establish them knew nothing about farming
• There were too few tractors
• There weren’t enough animals to pull ploughs
• Lack of fertilisers