Extra detail: Agricultural and social developments in the countryside Flashcards
What proportion of peasant households were kulak households?
4%
What proportion of peasant households were destroyed by dekulakisation?
~15%
How many peasants were forced to migrate north and east to poorer land?
~150,000
How did peasants try to avoid being labelled as kulaks?
By killing their livestock and destroying their crops
What proportion of grain-farming areas did Stalin announce would be collectivised in 1930?
25%
What percentage of peasant households had been collectivised in 1934?
70%
What percentage of peasant households had been collectivised in 1935?
75%
What percentage of peasant households had been collectivised in 1937?
90%
What was the state quota for kolkohzes?
Up to 40% of crops
How was communist control over rural areas maintained?
Each kolkhoz was under the control of a Communist Party member who acted as the Chairman of the collective
How many Machine Tractor Stations were established?
2500
What percentage of threshing was carried out mechanically by 1938?
95%
What percentage of ploughing was carried out mechanically by 1938?
72%
What percentage of spring sowing was carried out mechanically by 1938?
57%
What percentage of harvesting was carried out mechanically by 1938?
48%
How many lorries were being used in Soviet agriculture in 1938 compared to the USA?
196,000 to 1,000,000+
Which peasants were particularly hostile to collectivisation?
Those from more fertile agricultural areas like the Ukraine
How did peasants on collective farms often feel about the regime?
They felt a sense of betrayal and hostility
What was the punishment for stealing from a collective farm by August 1932?
10 years in prison, later raised to capital punishment
What was the punishment for selling meat or grain before quotas were filled?
10 years in prison
What percentage of the USSR’s food was produced on private plots and then sold on the private market by the late 1930s?
- 52% of vegetables
- 70% of meat
- 71% of milk
Why were many collective farms so disorganised?
- The party leaders who helped establish them knew nothing about farming
- There were too few tractors
- There weren’t enough animals to pull ploughs
- Lack of fertilisers
