Key Associations Flashcards
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
Aneurysm, dissecting
Hypertension
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm, arch
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis) vasa vasorum destruction
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and stomach cancer
H. pylori
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
Benign melanocytic nevus
Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloablastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
Breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S., 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or woman)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
Cretinism
Iodine deficit / hypothyroidism
Cushing’s syndrome
Iatrogenic Cushing’s (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing’s (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
Death in CML
Blast crisis
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
Dietary deficit
Iron
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker’s diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides