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Board Review > Anti-Cancer Agents > Flashcards

Anti-Cancer Agents Flashcards

1
Q

S-phase specific agents

A

Methotrexate, 5-FU, cytarabine, azathioprine, and 6-MP

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2
Q

MOA of MTX

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which decreases dTMP synthesis

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3
Q

Non-neoplastic uses of MTX

A

Abortion, ectopic pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, and psorisasis

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4
Q

SE of MTX

A

Myelosuppression which is reversible with leucovorin, macrovesicular fatty change, teratogenic

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5
Q

MOA of 5-FU

A

Inhibits thymidylate synthase which decreases dTMP synthesis

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6
Q

SE of 5-FU

A

Myelosuppression which is not reversible with leucovorin, overdose rescue with thymidine

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7
Q

MOA of cytarabine

A

Pyrimidine analog

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8
Q

MOA of azathioprine and 6-MP

A

Purine analogs

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9
Q

Antitumor antibiotics

A

Dactinomycin, doxorubicin, and bleomycin

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10
Q

MOA of dactinomycin

A

Intercalates in DNA

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11
Q

Indications for dactinomycin

A

Wilm’s tumor, Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (childhood tumors)

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12
Q

MOA fo doxorubicin

A

Generates free radicals that noncovalently intercalate in DNA which cause breaks in DNA

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13
Q

SE of doxorubicin

A

Cardiotoxicity (dilated cardiomyopathy), myelosuppresion, alopecia

Dexrazoxane to prevent cardiotoxicity

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14
Q

MOA of bleomycin

A

Induces free radical damage which causes breaks in DNA strands

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15
Q

Major side effect of bleomycin

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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16
Q

MOA of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide

A

Covalently X-link (interstrand) DNA at guanine N-7

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17
Q

Toxicity of cyclophoshamide

A

Myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis (partially prevented with mesna)

18
Q

MOA of nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozococin)

A

Requires bioactivation, crosses BBB

19
Q

MOA of busulfan

A

Alkylates DNA

20
Q

Indication of busulfan

A

CML

21
Q

MOA of vincristine and vinblastine

A

Alkaloids that bind to tubulin in M phase and block polymerization of microtubules so that mitotic spindle cannot form

22
Q

SE of vincristine

A

Neurotoxicity (areflexia, peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus)

23
Q

SE of vinblastine

A

Bone marrow suppression

24
Q

MOA of paclitaxel and other taxols

A

Hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M phase so that mitotic spindle cannot break down (anaphase cannot occur)

25
Q

SE of paclitaxel and other taxols

A

Myelosuppresion and hypersensitivity

26
Q

MOA of cisplatin and carboplatin

A

Cross-link DNA

27
Q

SE of cisplatin

A

Nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage (prevent nephrotoxicity with amifostine, which is a free radical scavenger)

28
Q

MOA of etoposide and teniposide

A

Inhibits topoisomerase II which increases DNA degradation

29
Q

Two specific tumors treated with etoposide

A

Testicular and small cell lung cancers

30
Q

SE of etoposide

A

Myelosuppresion, GI irritation and alopecia

31
Q

MOA of hydroxyurea

A

Inhibits ribonucleotide reducatase wich decreased DNA synthesis (S phase specific)

32
Q

Indications of hydroxyurea

A

Melanoma, CML, sickle cell

33
Q

MOA of prednisone, prednisolone

A

May trigger apoptosis

34
Q

SE of prednisone

A

Cushing-like syndromes, immunosuppresion, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis

35
Q

MOA of tamoxifen and raloxifene

A

SERMs- receptor antagonists in breast and agonists in bone; block the binding of estrogen in estrogen receptor-positive cells

36
Q

Major side effect of tamoxifen

A

Increased risk of endometrial cancer

37
Q

MOA of trastruzumab (Herceptin)

A

Monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (c-erbB2), a tyrosine kinase

38
Q

MOA of imatinib (Gleevev)

A

Philadelphia chromosome bcr-able tyrosine kinase inhibitor

39
Q

MOA of rituximab

A

Monoclonal antibody against CD20 which is found on most B-cell neoplasms

40
Q

MOA of vemurafenib

A

Small molecular inhibitor of forms of the B-raf kinase with the 600E mutation (metastatic melanoma)

41
Q

MOA of bevacizumab

A

Monoclonal antibody against VEFG which inhibits angiogenesis

42
Q

Indication of bevacizumab

A

Solid tumors, first line Tx of metastatic colorectal cancer

Board Review (49 decks)

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