Common Teratogens and Associated Effects Flashcards
Teratogen: alcohol
Most common cause of mental retardation; also leads to facial abnormalities and microcephaly
Teratogen: cocaine
Intrauterine growth retardation and placental abruption
Teratogen: thalidomide
Limb defects (“flipper limbs”)
Teratogen: cigarette smoke
Intrauterine growth retardation, preterm labor, placental problems, ADHD
Teratogen: isotretinoin
Spontaneous abortion, hearing and visual impairment
Teratogen: tetracycline
Discolored teeth
Teratogen: warfarin
Bone deformities, fetal bleeding, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities
Teratogen: phenytoin
Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, intrauterine growth retardation, mental retardation
Teratogen: ACE inhibitors
Renal damage
Teratogen: alklyating agents
Absence of digits, multiple anomalies
Teratogen: aminoglycosides
CN VIII toxicity
Teratogen: carbamazepine
Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, intrauterine growth retardation
Teratogen: diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies
Teratogen: folate antagonists
Neural tube defects
Teratogen: lithium
Ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)
Teratogen: valproate
Inhibition of maternal folate absorption - neural tube defects
Teratogen: iodine (lack or excess)
Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
Teratogen: maternal diabetes
Caudal regress syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects
Teratogen: vitamin A (excess)
Extrememly high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
Teratogen: X-rays
Microcephaly, mental retardation