JT Simon de Montfort Flashcards

1
Q

What did the barons feel about Henry III?

A

history was repeating itself

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2
Q

Why did the barons feel history was repeating itself with Henry III (4)?

A

1 Henry became king at 9 and helped to rule by barons until old enough
2 he lived extravigantly and always short of money
3 lost 2 major French wars
4 only listeded to advisors - fell out with barons due to his close relationship with church

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3
Q

What did the barons do

A

decided to take action against Henry

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4
Q

who was Simon de Montefort and why was his relationship with king difficult?

A

1 earl of Leicester
2 had lost land to king in 1066 - henry had agreed to give it back
3 married to kings sister
4 fought for Henry and became one of his favourites
5 Henry put him on trial many times but aquitted him.

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5
Q

what did Simon de Montfort do

A

led barons in calling a great council in 1258 where they forced the king to agree to the provisions of oxford

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6
Q

What were the provisions of Oxford (4)

A

1 15 barons made the great council - elected by 24 men 12 appointed by king 12 by barons
2 foreign members of royal household would be banished
3 castles would be held by englishmen
4 each county would have a sherriff and taxes would be collected locally

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7
Q

why did barons need de montfort as spokesman

A

henry wanted barons to help pay money he owed the pope to avoid ex communication

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8
Q

what were the outcomes of provisions of oxford

A

1gave barons more power over decisions than king
2 made the king more accountable
3 the barons were divided and henry saw this so refused to sign
4 so barons asked simon de montfort to lead an army against the king
5 simon fought battle of lewes and captured the king and his son

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9
Q

What happened after lewes (5)

A

1 king was in prison so de Montfort was in charge
2 he formed a council of 9 people - mostly family and friends
3 he reissued provisions of oxford and magna Carta
4 Many barons thought he was to powerful and turned against him
5 To increase his support Simon asked merchants and knights from every county to attend meeting of the great council

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10
Q

what happened to Simon de Montford (3)

A

1 It was the first time commoners were consulted on national matters
2 de montfort did it without consulting other barons, they were furious with him and thought he was acting like a king so switched support to king
3 battle of Eversham kings army beat de montforts men and hacked simon to death on the battlefield.

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11
Q

what was the impact of Simon de Montfort

A

1 de montforts parliament was first to include commoners
2 established principle that king called parliament to raise taxes
3 his parliament became symbol of democracy
regarded as a martyr

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12
Q

what were long term significances of Simon de montfort

A

1 helped common people influence power
2 led way for commoners to be involved in politics
3 led to balanced future relationships between king and barons

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