JT English Revolution

Question 1

when was the first civil war and why

Answer 1

1642 because breakdown in relationship between charles and parliament

Question 2

when was charles 1 executed, why and what followed

Answer 2

1649 execution ordeed by parliament 11 years england was ruled without a king

Question 3

what was the main religion at the time

Answer 3

puritans dominated parliament and didnt like the catholic changes made by Arch Bishop Laud

Question 4

What was personal rule

Answer 4

after simon de montfort king had to call parliament to raise taxes but charles ruled without parliamentfor 11 yearsand raised taxes

Question 5

what did charles believe in

Answer 5

divine right of kings - appointed by god

Question 6

when did charles recall parliament and why

Answer 6

1640 to aprrove new taxes to fund war with scotland

Question 7

what happened when charles recalled parliament

Answer 7

mps didnt trust charles so insisted parliament control army

drew up grand remonstrance of complaints and demands

Question 8

how did charles respond to parliament response when he recalled parliament

Answer 8

he tried to arrest MPs who fled . Charles left london and prepared to fight parliament

Question 9

what was new mode; army

Answer 9

emerged as most powerful force in england during civil war put togethr by oliver cromwell

Question 10

what advantages did new model army have over royalists (5)

Answer 10

better equipped
better trained
soldiers were religious and believed God was on their side
recruited on ability not priviledge
disciplined with strict code of conduct - no swearing or drinking

Question 11

who did new model army beat where and when

Answer 11

1645 battle of naseby beat royalists and captured the iking

Question 12

what happened to him after charles was captured

Answer 12

whilst in prison he wrote to scottish parliament
at battle of preston scotts lost
proved charles couldnt be trusted
300 mps were sacked leaving only rump to put king on trial

Question 13

when was charles executed

Answer 13

30th jan 1649

Question 14

was charles the first king to be executed - what was different

Answer 14

no but he wasnt replaced - england became a republic oliver cromwell was lord protector

Question 15

how was england ruled between 1649 -1660

Answer 15

3 ways without a king - rule by parliament

rule by cromwell and rule by army

Question 16

what happened after cromwell died why

Answer 16

non of the 3 ways of rulling worked so monarchy was restored but relationship was different

Question 17

who became king after cromwell

Answer 17

parliament asked charles 1 son- parliament met more regularly and was not influenced by king

Question 18

causes of civil war

Answer 18

religious - charles married catholic Arch bishop laud introduced new prayer book and they were accused of being catholics

money - parliament were reluctant to give charles money as they thought he wasted ithe introduced ship money tax on coastal towns during wars to build a navy

war- scottish rebellion charles changes to religion in scotland caused unrest he insisted all scots used Lauds prayer book - this resulted in riots. scots nsigned a covenent saying they wouldnt accept changes so charles sent an army to scotland

relations with parliament - charles constantly fell out with them and closed it for 11 yearsand recalled it in 1640 to ask for taxes to get money for scottish was

Question 19

what were the positives of cromwells rule (3)

Answer 19

war against spain restored englands reputation abroacd
introduced navigation act - all ships entering and leaving had to be english
people were free to worship how they wanted

Question 20

negatives of cromwells rule (4)

Answer 20

1 he appointed generals who the people thought had to much control
2 levellers were imprisoned and leaders killed
3 sieged ireland and killed towns people even though they surrendered
4 took land from irish catholics gave it to protestants so they had irish allies

Question 21

significane of english civil war

Answer 21

1 11 years england had no monarch
2 promoted idea no one was more powerful
3 no change for ordinary people - no power in parliament or politics