JT English Revolution Flashcards
when was the first civil war and why
1642 because breakdown in relationship between charles and parliament
when was charles 1 executed, why and what followed
1649 execution ordeed by parliament 11 years england was ruled without a king
what was the main religion at the time
puritans dominated parliament and didnt like the catholic changes made by Arch Bishop Laud
What was personal rule
after simon de montfort king had to call parliament to raise taxes but charles ruled without parliamentfor 11 yearsand raised taxes
what did charles believe in
divine right of kings - appointed by god
when did charles recall parliament and why
1640 to aprrove new taxes to fund war with scotland
what happened when charles recalled parliament
mps didnt trust charles so insisted parliament control army
drew up grand remonstrance of complaints and demands
how did charles respond to parliament response when he recalled parliament
he tried to arrest MPs who fled . Charles left london and prepared to fight parliament
what was new mode; army
emerged as most powerful force in england during civil war put togethr by oliver cromwell
what advantages did new model army have over royalists (5)
better equipped
better trained
soldiers were religious and believed God was on their side
recruited on ability not priviledge
disciplined with strict code of conduct - no swearing or drinking
who did new model army beat where and when
1645 battle of naseby beat royalists and captured the iking
what happened to him after charles was captured
whilst in prison he wrote to scottish parliament
at battle of preston scotts lost
proved charles couldnt be trusted
300 mps were sacked leaving only rump to put king on trial
when was charles executed
30th jan 1649
was charles the first king to be executed - what was different
no but he wasnt replaced - england became a republic oliver cromwell was lord protector
how was england ruled between 1649 -1660
3 ways without a king - rule by parliament
rule by cromwell and rule by army
what happened after cromwell died why
non of the 3 ways of rulling worked so monarchy was restored but relationship was different
who became king after cromwell
parliament asked charles 1 son- parliament met more regularly and was not influenced by king
causes of civil war
religious - charles married catholic Arch bishop laud introduced new prayer book and they were accused of being catholics
money - parliament were reluctant to give charles money as they thought he wasted ithe introduced ship money tax on coastal towns during wars to build a navy
war- scottish rebellion charles changes to religion in scotland caused unrest he insisted all scots used Lauds prayer book - this resulted in riots. scots nsigned a covenent saying they wouldnt accept changes so charles sent an army to scotland
relations with parliament - charles constantly fell out with them and closed it for 11 yearsand recalled it in 1640 to ask for taxes to get money for scottish was
what were the positives of cromwells rule (3)
war against spain restored englands reputation abroacd
introduced navigation act - all ships entering and leaving had to be english
people were free to worship how they wanted
negatives of cromwells rule (4)
1 he appointed generals who the people thought had to much control
2 levellers were imprisoned and leaders killed
3 sieged ireland and killed towns people even though they surrendered
4 took land from irish catholics gave it to protestants so they had irish allies
significane of english civil war
1 11 years england had no monarch
2 promoted idea no one was more powerful
3 no change for ordinary people - no power in parliament or politics
