Journals And Endocrine News Flashcards
What could low kisspeptin levels in early pregnancy predict?
Miscarriages
What happens to insulin sensitivity in growth hormone receptor deficiency?
Increased insulin sensitivity that protects against diabetes and deceases cancer risks.
What is IDegLira?
Combination of degludec and liraglutide.
Does intensive glucose control after coronary bypass grafting reduce complications?
No.
Targets of 100 - 140 mg/dL were no better than targets of 140 - 180 mg/dL.
What kind of drug is Belviq (lorcaserin)?
Weight loss drug.
What is the mechanism of action of lenvatinib?
Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is strongly linked to increased incidence of chronic kidney disease.
True or false?
True
How many families of thyroid hormone receptors are there, through which thyroid hormone function is meditated?
2
Which one is the prohormone -
T3 or T4?
T4
Does tight blood glucose control slow down the progression of diabetic neuropathy?
In type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes.
Name two studies that show that tight glycemic control in type 1 diabetes may limit the progression of diabetic neuropathy?
DCCT
EDIC
Name four studies/trials that show tight glycemic control does not affect neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.
UKPDS
ACCORD
VADT
ADVANCE
Which thyroid hormone receptor is a non-hormone-binding variant protein?
(TR) alpha 2
Which gene is affected in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome?
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene
Familial hyperchylomicronemia.
Frederickson hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype?
Type 1
Familial hypercholesterolemia.
Fredrickson hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype?
Type 2A
Combined hyperlipoproteinemia.
Frederickson hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype?
Type 2B
Dysbetalipoproteinemia.
Fredrickson hyperlipoprotemia phenotype?
Type 3
Primary or simple hypertriglyceridemia.
Fredrickson hyperlipoprotemia phenotype?
Type 4
Mixed hypertriglyceridemia.
Fredrickson hyperlipoprotemia phenotype?
Type 5
What is the main lipid change in type 1 hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased triglycerides.
What is the main lipid change in type 2B hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased total cholesterol.
What is the main lipid change in type 2B hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased total cholesterol and increased triglycerides.
What is the main lipid change in type 3 hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased total cholesterol and increased triglycerides.
What is the main lipid change in type 4 hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased triglycerides.
What is the main lipid change in type 5 hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased total cholesterol and increased triglycerides.
What is the primary lipoprotein change in type 1 hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased chylomicrons.
What is the primary lipoprotein change in type 2A hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased LDL
What is the primary lipoprotein change in type 2B hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased VLDL and increased LDL.
What is the primary lipoprotein change in type 3 hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased IDL
What is the primary lipoprotein change in type 4 hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased VLDL.
What is the primary lipoprotein change in type 5 hyperlipoprotemia?
Increased VLDL and increased chylomicrons.
What do LDL receptors in the liver do?
Remove LDL Cholesterol from circulation.
What does PCSK9 do to LDL receptors?
Binds to them promoting their degradation.
What does PCSK9 do to the LDL cholesterol levels?
Increases them
PCOS involves a degree of low level inflammation.
True or false?
True
Is pregnancy a low level inflammation state?
Yes
Should you hold back when treating thyroid storm?
No - hit it with everything you have.
Is the prevalence of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus more than that of the general population?
Yes
The risk of cardiovascular disease is increased by ____ times in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
10
Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg (emergency contraception pill) loses it potency in women over what weight?
165 lbs
Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg (emergency contraceptive pill) does not work in women above what weight?
175 lbs
Decreased efficacy of levonorgestrel 1.5 mg (Plan B) is seen above what BMI?
25
Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg (Plan B) stops working entirely in women over what BMI?
30
What is ulipristal acetate (Ella) used for for?
Emergency contraception
What is the onset of action of U-500?
30 - 45 minutes
Metformin is contra-indicated equal to or above creatinine ______ in males.
1.5 mg/dL
Metformin is contra-indicated with creatinine equal to and above ______ in females.
1.4 mg/dL
Metformin is contraindicated in GFR less than ______.
45 mL/min/1.73m2
Does cardiovascular risk correlate more with LDL cholesterol or LDL particle number?
LDL particle number
Does metformin control blood glucose better in Black patients or White patients?
Black patients.
Should the steroids be given before or after radioactive iodine ablation in patients with Graves Ophthalmopathy?
After.
Which is the most common site of bone metastases due to thyroid cancer?
Spine
Which is the dominant enzyme driving conversion from T4 to T3?
Deiodinase type 1
What happens to deiodinase type 1 during fasting?
It is suppressed.
What happens to T3 levels during fasting?
They decrease.
What happens to the activity of deiodinase type 3 during fasting?
It is increased.
Have randomized controlled trials shown benefit on patient outcomes of treating ‘euthyroid sick syndrome’ or ‘non-thyroidal illness in the ICU’ with therapeutic doses of T3 or T4?
No
What happens to the plasma T3 levels in times of acute stress (acute illness, surgery, severe physical stress)?
T3 levels acutely fall.
TSH has a normal nocturnal surge.
True or false?
True
What happens to the normal nocturnal TSH surge in acute illness?
It is absent.
Vandetanib can prolong QT interval.
True or false?
True
High serum TSH levels are associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing.
True or false?
True.
