Endocrine Board Review - 5th Edition

Question 0

Which two diseases cause similarly increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides?

Answer 0

• Familial combined hyperlipidemia

- Dysbetalipoproteinemia

Question 1

What have intravascular ultrasound studies shown with regards to LDL-cholesterol?

Answer 1

Treatment to lower target LDL-C in patients with known CVD leads to regression of atherosclerosis.

Question 2

What two tests are done to distinguish familial combined hyperlipoprotemia from dysbetalipoproteinemia?

Answer 2

• Apo E genotype

- VLDL cholesterol/triglycerides

Question 3

Which lipid particle, other than LDL-C, is associated with occlusion of bypass grafts and stents?

Answer 3

Lipoprotein a.

Question 4

Patient has extremely low HDL levels, corneal arcus, and renal failure.

Diagnosis?

Answer 4

LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency.

Question 5

Which medications can increase HDL-C by the greatest amount?

Answer 5

CETP inhibitors.

Question 6

Which diabetic complication is reduced by fenofibrate?

Answer 6

Diabetic retinopathy.

Question 7

Does niacin-induced diabetes counteract its lipid-lowering benefits?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Niacin is an effective LDL lowering agent for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

True or false?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Which cholesterol medication can improve diabetes control?

Answer 9

Colesevelam

Question 10

Which vitamin is deficient in BeriBeri?

Answer 10

Thiamine

Question 11

Which micronutrient deficiency can cause hypogonadism?

Answer 11

Zinc deficiency

Question 12

High dose zinc repletion can cause _____ deficiency.

Answer 12

Copper

Question 13

Mutation of which gene causes familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia?

Answer 13

CaSR gene

Question 14

What ratio of calcium clearance to creatinine clearance is consistent with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia?

Answer 14

Less than 0.01.

Question 15

What is a better discriminator between FHH and hyperparathyroidism:
CaCl/CrCl from a 2-hour fasting urine collection or a 24-hour urine collection?

Answer 15

2-hour fasting urine collection for calcium clearance to creatinine clearance ratio.

Question 16

Does sarcoidosis have an effect on bone mineral density?

Answer 16

It causes low bone mineral density.

Question 17

How fast does the bone mineral density decline when estrogen is stopped (after treatment for a few years) in the spine and the hip?

Answer 17

Decreases rapidly in both the spine and the hip (3 - 5% in the first year).

Question 18

Should you test bone density earlier than age 65 years in women who have risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

What does gadolinium do to calcium?

Answer 19

Falsely lowers the calcium level.

Question 20

What’s the best test to confirm the calcium level in a patient with falsely lowered calcium level due to gadolinium?

Answer 20

Ionized calcium

Question 21

How does Paget disease at the hip progress?

Answer 21

Arthritis in the hip will worsen.

Question 22

Adynamic bone disease can be exacerbated by cinacalcet.

True or false?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Patients with decreased kidney function treated with denosumab are at increased risk for developing hypocalcemia.

True or false?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What should the ten year risk of hip fracture be to strongly recommend pharmacological therapy for osteoporosis?

Answer 24

More than or equal to 3%

Question 25

What should the ten year risk of a major osteoporotic fracture be to strongly recommend pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis?

Answer 25

More than or equal to 20%